[ { "id": 8341, "name": "Country Brief: The Caribbean and Central America", "headline": "The Caribbean and Central America", "type": "basic", "slug": "country_brief_caribbean_and_central_america", "timestamp": 1767027600, "published_at": "2025", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/country_brief_caribbean_and_central_america", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/8341/meta_images/original/2025_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_North_America_Brief_-_Website_%281%29.png?1767116713", "content": "RepresentWomen is dedicated to researching and identifying best practices for increasing women’s political representation, drawing on global evidence. Since 2021, our ongoing Country Brief series has explored how electoral rules and systems shape opportunities for women in politics across different parts of the world: (Post-Soviet States), (Arab States), (Latin America), (Oceania), (The European Union), and (North America: Canada, the U.S., and Mexico). The Caribbean and Central America Brief, the seventh installment in this series, furthers our exploration of how different electoral systems and political contexts impact women’s representation in government. Women’s representation varies considerably across the Caribbean and Central America. Voting system design plays a significant role in shaping opportunities for women to enter politics. Through our Country Brief series, we have found that countries that combine proportional representation (PR) with gender quotas tend to have the highest levels of women’s representation in politics. In further detail, we found that: Countries with proportional representation (PR) systems have the highest levels of women's representation, especially when combined with gender quotas. Proportional voting systems create opportunities for women and minority constituencies to achieve representation. But having a proportional voting system is not always enough on its own to advance women's representation. Two out of the three countries with high levels of women's representation in the region combine a PR system with a gender quota. Countries with non-proportional voting systems, such as the First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) system, can achieve high levels of women's representation when there are other systems and factors at play that support women's equality. Dominica's case demonstrates that the relatively smaller size of the parliament, a precedent set by a longer history of women's executive leadership, higher levels of women's representation in local offices, and parties' support all contributed to the country achieving a high level of women's political representation. Higher levels of women's political representation do not necessarily indicate that a country has achieved gender equality. Some countries use \"genderwashing\" as a strategy to enhance their image by promoting women's political representation. In others, achieving higher levels of women's representation in politics is an important step towards achieving gender equality, but more work remains to be done to advance women's rights and political participation.  Ultimately, our research on the Caribbean and Central America continues to support existing research on the combined benefits of proportional representation and gender quotas. However, this region also offers examples that challenge these findings, highlighting how national-level context-dependent factors also play a role in shaping opportunities for women in politics. As we continue to develop this series in the future, we will use this research to build better parameters for examining the impact of different voting systems on women's political representation around the world.  Download the Brief ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Country Briefs", "Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2624, "name": "Dashboard: International Women's Representation and Voting System Design", "headline": "Dashboard: International Women's Representation and Voting System Design", "type": "basic", "slug": "international_dashboard", "timestamp": 1766156400, "published_at": "2025", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/international_dashboard", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2624/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%2814%29.png?1669217154", "content": "infogram_0_02d14ad5-03ff-4730-93c5-9432ab0bdda82022 International Data Dashboardhttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?B1Otext/javascript Our International Women's Representation and Voting System Design Dashboard has five tabs: 1. Parliaments and rankings  This tab shows the structure of government, the rank for women's representation (based on the percentage of women in the lower house), the number of women elected, and the percentage of women in the chambers. 2. Voting systems of parliaments This tab shows the type of voting system used, along with sub-categories, and the date of the most recent election. 3. Gender quotas This tab details the types of gender quotas implemented in each chamber of parliament. 4. Heads of state and government This tab shows the current Heads of State (HoS) and Government (HoG) & their respective genders (F or M), election dates, and titles. This tab also 5. Cabinets This section shows the number of cabinet members, the number of women in the cabinet, the percentage of women in the cabinet, and the most recent verification date. The goal of this dashboard is to contextualize the U.S. within the world, show the unique systems used around the globe, and show where women's representation is the highest.  This dashboard is interactive! Scroll over each country to see the data. ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Map"] } , { "id": 2646, "name": "Snapshot: International Voting Systems and Country Rankings", "headline": "Snapshot: International Voting Systems and Country Rankings", "type": "basic", "slug": "rep_of_women_national_legislatures_lower_house", "timestamp": 1766156400, "published_at": "2025", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/rep_of_women_national_legislatures_lower_house", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2646/meta_images/original/Screenshot_2025-12-30_133352.png?1767119653", "content": "Our International Voting Systems Snapshot ranks countries according to women's representation in the lower house of their national parliament. Most countries ranked above the U.S. have a proportional voting system, and women are least represented in countries with plurality-majority systems. These findings emphasize the need to study the impact of voting systems, as well as why implementing proportional voting is vital to leveling the playing field for women in the U.S.   infogram_0_4ea310c2-dfaf-404c-b411-6457e18387142022 International Women&amp;#39;s Representation | Voting Systems | Quotashttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?keYtext/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Snapshot"] } , { "id": 7549, "name": "2025 Parity in Portland Report", "headline": "2025 Parity in Portland Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "portland_oregon_a_twin-track_analysis", "timestamp": 1765552934, "published_at": "2025", "author": "Michele RepresentWomen", "url": "/portland_oregon_a_twin-track_analysis", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/7549/meta_images/original/Portland_Report_Graphics_for_Website_%2818%29.png?1760035469", "content": "How Systems Reform and Community Action Delivered a Gender-Balanced City Council In 2024, Portland, Oregon, made history. For the first time, women hold half of the seats on the city council — and four of those six women are women of color. This transformation did not happen by chance. It was the result of a deliberate, multi-year effort to modernize the city’s political systems and invest in the community networks that help new candidates run and win. RepresentWomen’s Twin-Track Analysis: Portland, Oregon, examines how the city’s reforms — including proportional ranked choice voting (PRCV), council expansion, and public financing — worked in tandem with grassroots organizing, voter education, and coalition building to produce this milestone for gender-balanced leadership. View the 2025 Report Get Involved How Portland Achieved Gender Balance This research builds on RepresentWomen’s Twin-Track Framework, first introduced in our 2022 analysis of New York City’s historic 2021 elections. In that case, a combination of systems reforms — term limits, ranked choice voting, and matching funds — paired with robust candidate training programs led to the city’s first woman-majority council. In Portland, we saw the same pattern unfold — through a different path. The 2024 election marked the city’s first under a restructured council and a new PRCV system. This time, the twin-track strategy took root not through gender-specific candidate programs but through a robust ecosystem of reforms and equity-driven organizations that opened the door for women, communities of color, and first-time candidates to lead. Portland’s Path to Change Before reform, Portland’s five-member commission government was one of the least representative in the country. For more than a century, most commissioners were white men from the city’s west side — a stark contrast to the city’s demographics, where over half the population is women and 30% are people of color. That changed in 2022, when voters approved a new charter that: Expanded the council from 5 to 12 members Replaced at-large, winner-take-all elections with proportional ranked choice voting Divided the city into four multimember districts The first election under this new system, held in 2024, produced historic results: 50% women elected to the city council Four women of color among the winners Five people of color total — the most diverse council in Portland’s history   1. Public Financing: The Small Donor Elections Program This reform empowered community-backed campaigns and helped women and candidates of color compete on equal footing. 2. Proportional Ranked Choice Voting (PRCV) In Portland’s first PRCV election: Check out our pages to learn more about Proportional Representation and Proportional Ranked Choice voting.  3. Council Expansion: More Seats, More Opportunities RepresentWomen research shows women are far more likely to win when running for open seats. Portland’s 2024 results proved it: expansion paved the way for a gender-balanced and diverse council. 4. Community & Candidate Support Networks The City of Portland also funded 11 grassroots organizations (up to $40,000 each) to ensure every community understood the new voting system. “Grantees were chosen for their long-standing relationships and trust in priority communities… meeting voters where they are.” — City of Portland, Voter Education Program These community efforts weren’t gender-specific, but they played a key role in achieving gender balance by lowering barriers and supporting nontraditional candidates. Why It Worked: The Power of the Twin Track Approach The Twin-Track Approach combines systems-level reform with candidate- and community-level support to accelerate women’s representation and strengthen democracy. When these two tracks work in concert, reform doesn’t just change who can run — it changes who can win. Structural reform set the stage, but community action made it a reality. Portland’s success underscores a defining truth: reforms change the rules, but people change outcomes. When systemic improvements, such as PRCV and public financing, are implemented alongside grassroots support, they work synergistically to make democracy more inclusive. This dual strategy created a sustainable foundation for gender balance — not as an anomaly, but as a model for other cities to follow. Looking Ahead At RepresentWomen, we know that women’s representation strengthens democracy. The Portland case demonstrates what’s possible when we address barriers on both tracks: reforming the structures that shape elections and supporting the communities that bring democracy to life.  ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2640, "name": "Snapshot: Women's Representation in OECD Countries", "headline": "Snapshot: Women's Representation in OECD Countries", "type": "basic", "slug": "oecd_chart", "timestamp": 1761912000, "published_at": "2025", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/oecd_chart", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2640/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%281%29.png?1674047524", "content": "This snapshot displays women's political representation in the 38 OECD countries. The columns show which voting system is used, the subcategory of that voting system, and if gender quotas are used.  infogram_0_fc160681-d95a-4385-ab63-ac355e9a683a2022 OECD - Charthttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?PIUtext/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Snapshot"] } , { "id": 7683, "name": "Proportional Representation (PR)", "headline": "Proportional Representation (PR)", "type": "basic", "slug": "proportional_representation_pr", "timestamp": 1760044680, "published_at": "2025", "author": "Michele RepresentWomen", "url": "/proportional_representation_pr", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/7683/meta_images/original/Proportional_Representation_Header.png?1760045652", "content": "Our democracy works best when everyone has a seat at the table. But under winner-take-all elections, too many voices are shut out — especially women, people of color, and independent voters. Proportional representation offers a proven solution. Instead of one winner per district, multiple representatives are elected in proportion to the votes cast. This simple change opens the political process to more women and underrepresented candidates, fosters diverse coalitions, and reduces the polarization that hinders progress. Proportional ranked choice voting, used around the world and gaining momentum in the U.S., is the gold standard for delivering on this promise. It levels the playing field and moves us closer to gender-balanced governance in our lifetimes. What is Proportional Representation? Most elections in the United States employ winner-take-all rules, where one candidate wins and everyone else loses. This system often wastes votes, locks out political minorities, and keeps the government from reflecting the people it serves. Proportional representation (PR) is different. Instead of awarding all the power to a single winner, PR systems allocate seats in proportion to the share of votes each group receives. This means nearly every voter helps elect someone they support. Watch a video to see how Proportional Representation works:  There are numerous ways to establish proportional systems worldwide. For the United States, the most effective and proven version is proportional ranked choice voting (PRCV). Proportional Ranked Choice Voting (PRCV) combines the fairness of proportional outcomes with the voter-friendly features of ranked choice ballots: Voters rank candidates in order of choice. Multiple candidates win seats in proportion to the votes cast. No ballot is wasted — nearly every voter helps elect someone. The result is elections that are more representative, less polarized, and more open to women and underrepresented candidates. PRCV in practice: Cambridge, MA, has used it for decades. Portland, OR, is implementing the largest PRCV elections in modern U.S. history. And the evidence is clear: multi-winner districts consistently elect more women than single-winner systems. In states that use multi-winner districts, women hold more seats compared to those in single-winner districts. How PR Levels the Playing Field for Women Winner-take-all systems privilege incumbents and traditional candidates — disproportionately men. Proportional systems, by contrast, expand pathways for women. PRCV addresses the biggest barriers women face in politics: The result? Research shows women would likely win 40% more seats in Congress under PRCV, and historically, U.S. cities using PRCV saw women elected for the first time to offices in Cleveland, Hamilton, and New York. Multi-Winner Districts Mean More Women Multi-winner districts aren’t a new experiment — they’re already being used in state legislatures today, and the evidence is clear: they consistently elect more women than single-winner districts. This isn’t a one-time effect. Decades of data confirm the trend: when voters can elect more than one representative per district, the playing field expands, gatekeeping diminishes, and more women step into leadership roles. Together, this evidence shows that proportional systems work here at home — and they’ve been quietly reshaping state-level representation for years. If multi-winner districts can deliver fairer results in state legislatures, imagine what proportional ranked choice voting could do at scale for Congress and local governments nationwide. Proportional Representation is Not New  While winner-take-all elections dominate in the United States today, proportional systems have long been part of our democracy — and they are the global norm. American Roots: More than 40 states have used multi-member districts at some point in their history, and several still do today. These systems prove that proportional representation is not foreign to the U.S. — it has deep roots in our own political traditions. Global Success: Around the world, proportional systems are the standard for fair representation. Countries like New Zealand, Ireland, and Australia use proportional ranked choice voting, while others, such as Mexico, Sweden, and South Africa, use party-list proportional systems. These reforms have consistently expanded opportunities for women and underrepresented communities to win seats and lead. At RepresentWomen, we draw on both U.S. history and international evidence to show what’s possible. To learn more about how proportional systems have advanced women’s representation around the globe, visit our International Voting Systems page. Proportional Representation Delivers in Portland, Oregon  Portland, Oregon, recently became the largest U.S. city to adopt proportional ranked choice voting (PRCV). In its first election, the city council shifted from being dominated by a single district to reflecting the voices of the entire city. The results were historic: women, LGBTQ leaders, and candidates of color were elected together, creating the most representative council in Portland’s history. The impact was immediately visible. As research has long shown — and Portland confirmed — when we change the rules, we change who wins. At the council’s first meeting in January 2025, Council President Elana Pirtle-Guiney captured the shift:  “We see different constituencies … and bring different values to the table.”  Her words underscore how proportional systems allow multiple voices to coexist and collaborate. Analyses of Portland’s first PRCV election also found high voter engagement, more competitive races, and more inclusive outcomes — with seats won not just by incumbents or dominant blocs, but by candidates representing a broader cross-section of communities. Read our newly released 2025 Portland, Oregon report to learn more! Building a Representative Democracy with PR  Proportional representation is not new — it has deep roots in the U.S. and is widely used worldwide. It delivers on three core promises: More representative outcomes that empower women and marginalized communities Stronger democracy where every vote counts Systems resilient against polarization and gerrymandering The evidence is clear: to achieve gender-balanced governance, we must change the rules. Proportional ranked choice voting is the system best equipped to get us there. Learn more about how PRCV transformed Portland’s elections: Read the report now.  View the 2025 Parity in Portland Report  ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 7649, "name": "Proportional Ranked Choice Voting (PRCV)", "headline": "Proportional Ranked Choice Voting (PRCV)", "type": "basic", "slug": "proportional_ranked_choice_voting_prcv", "timestamp": 1760036040, "published_at": "2025", "author": "Michele RepresentWomen", "url": "/proportional_ranked_choice_voting_prcv", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/7649/meta_images/original/PRCV_Header.png?1760045607", "content": "Across the United States, women remain underrepresented in every level of government. Winner-take-all elections reward incumbency, polarize communities, and lock out new voices — especially women, people of color, and independents. These rules don’t just shape outcomes; they shape who feels welcome to run in the first place. Proportional Ranked Choice Voting (PRCV) offers a proven alternative. By combining the fairness of proportional outcomes with the accessibility of ranked choice ballots, PRCV ensures that nearly every voter helps elect someone they support. The result is leadership that better reflects our communities — and new opportunities for women to run, win, and lead. PRCV isn’t just an idea. It has a long history in the United States, helped elect the first women to city councils in major cities, and continues to deliver diverse representation in Cambridge, MA today. And with Portland, Oregon, implementing the largest PRCV elections in modern history, the momentum is growing. At RepresentWomen, we champion PRCV because it is the gold standard reform for building a gender-balanced democracy in our lifetimes. Read our 2025 Parity in Portland, Oregon, Report What is PRCV? There are many proportional systems worldwide. In the United States, the best fit is Proportional Ranked Choice Voting (PRCV) — also known as the single transferable vote in multi-winner elections. Voters rank candidates in order of choice. Several candidates win seats in proportion to the votes cast. Surplus votes transfer to next choices so ballots aren’t wasted. Counting continues (transferring surpluses and eliminating the last-place candidate each round) until all seats are filled. In multi-winner races, the victory threshold depends on the number of seats. More seats → lower threshold → more room for women and underrepresented candidates to win. PRCV builds on the principles of proportional representation and shares roots with single-winner ranked choice voting. Together, these reforms offer a toolkit for making elections fairer and inclusive. Learn more about Proportional Representation and Ranked Choice Voting. Why PRCV Matters for Women’s Representation Winner-take-all rules magnify incumbency advantages and “viability” gatekeeping that hold women back. PRCV flips that script. PRCV removes structural barriers: No more vote-splitting: Multiple women can run without hurting one another. Lower campaign costs: No costly runoffs; more focus on meeting voters. Weaker incumbency lock-in: More seats in play = real openings for newcomers. Coalitions over conflict: Collaborative campaigning is rewarded. Space for diverse leadership: Easier for women of color, independents, and community leaders outside traditional networks to win. This was shown firsthand in Portland, Oregon, after the city switched to a PRCV system. Where states use multi-winner districts, women hold a larger share of seats than in single-winner systems. “Change the rules, change who wins.” — RepresentWomen Fair Representation for All Communities PRCV doesn’t just open doors for women — it ensures that more communities across the political, racial, and ideological spectrum have a fair shot at representation. In winner-take-all systems, many voters are “shut out” if their preferred candidate falls short. Under PRCV, multiple winners mean that urban Republicans, rural Democrats, independents, and communities of color can all elect candidates of choice within the same district. The result is coalitions that resemble America itself — women, people of color, and leaders from across the spectrum working together in the same governing body. Voter Experience: Simple and Fair One of the strengths of proportional ranked choice voting is that it’s straightforward for voters. Ballots are simple to complete, and every ranking helps shape the outcome. Unlike winner-take-all systems, PRCV ensures that more votes truly matter, giving people confidence that their voices are heard and their communities represented. Here’s how it works for you as a voter: Your ballot: Rank candidates 1, 2, 3… as many or as few as you like. Your impact: If your top choice has more votes than needed, or too few to win, your vote automatically transfers to your next choice. Your outcome: More voices get representation, fewer votes are wasted, and the results reflect the full diversity of the community. PRCV delivers fairer outcomes without making voting harder. Voters express their preferences — the system takes care of the rest. Watch the following video from FairVote to learn more about how PRCV works in practice:  PRCV Opened the Door for Women Leaders Proportional ranked choice voting isn’t a foreign idea — it has deep American roots and a long history of advancing women’s representation. Historic Breakthroughs In the early 20th century, PRCV helped women break into politics for the very first time. Cities like Cleveland, New York, Hamilton, and Cambridge elected women to their city councils under PRCV — often alongside immigrants, independents, and communities of color who had been previously shut out by winner-take-all elections. For women in particular, PRCV lowered the barriers of “viability” and allowed them to run and win in coalition with others. Check Out Our PRCV TimelineAs this history shows, proportional ranked choice voting (PRCV) has long opened doors for women in politics — and that story is still unfolding. Explore our new interactive Timeline of PRCV in the United States, which traces key milestones and reform efforts from the early 20th century to today. The timeline accompanies RepresentWomen’s latest research brief analyzing how PRCV impacts women’s representation and builds on our ongoing series examining how voting systems shape opportunities for women to run, win, serve, and lead. Enduring Success Cambridge, Massachusetts, adopted PRCV in 1941 and has used it continuously for more than 80 years. The system has consistently delivered diverse councils, with women and candidates of color winning seats at higher rates than under winner-take-all rules. Cambridge proves that PRCV is not just a short-lived experiment — it is a sustainable model that strengthens representation over generations. Modern Momentum In 2022, Portland, Oregon, voters approved PRCV for their city council, creating the largest PRCV elections in modern U.S. history. In 2024, the city elected a council that reflected the full diversity of Portland — women, LGBTQ+ leaders, and candidates of color serving together across four multi-member districts. Portland demonstrates how PRCV works not only in smaller cities but also in today’s large, complex urban environments. Want to dive deeper? Portland’s story is a case study in how changing the rules changes who wins. Read the report here.  The Reform That Delivers for Women — and Democracy PRCV is more than an election reform. It’s the only proportional system designed for the U.S., tested in our cities, and proven to expand opportunities for women and underrepresented groups. By making every vote count and every community represented, PRCV builds a democracy where women can lead alongside men — not decades from now, but in our lifetimes.  ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation", "Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 7648, "name": "Ranked Choice Voting (RCV)", "headline": "Ranked Choice Voting (RCV)", "type": "basic", "slug": "ranked_choice_voting_rcv", "timestamp": 1760035200, "published_at": "2025", "author": "Michele RepresentWomen", "url": "/ranked_choice_voting_rcv", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/7648/meta_images/original/RCV_Header.png?1760035282", "content": "Ranked choice voting (RCV) is a powerful reform that transforms the way we vote, changing who runs, who wins, and who leads — and increasing women’s political power. Across the country, RCV is breaking down barriers and creating new opportunities for women and diverse leaders to represent their communities. Under our current system, too many voters feel their voices don’t count. Candidates can win with far less than majority support, women and people of color are often told to “wait their turn” to run for office, and campaigns become increasingly divisive and costly. These structural barriers hinder progress toward gender parity and prevent the government from accurately reflecting the people it serves. RCV is a proven solution. By eliminating vote-splitting, rewarding coalition-building, and empowering voters to rank candidates in order of preference, RCV creates fairer, more inclusive elections. It strengthens democracy while leveling the playing field for women and underrepresented candidates — and it’s already reshaping leadership and governance in places like Alaska, Maine, and New York City. Explore our interactive dashboard to see where RCV is already making an impact across the U.S.: infogram_0_f45a9b75-7958-4bcd-b51b-adb30abd22e42022 RCV Dashboardhttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?wyMtext/javascript What is Ranked Choice Voting? This process, often referred to as an “instant runoff,” ensures majority support and eliminates the “spoiler problem.” It allows more candidates to compete on their ideas rather than party politics or fear of vote-splitting. Because candidates benefit from being voters’ second and third choices, campaigns tend to be more positive and coalition-driven. The result is a healthier voter experience, stronger campaigns, and ultimately, better government. Here’s an example of what that looks like in practice — using Alaska’s ranked choice ballot and the 2022 U.S. Senate race, where multiple women ran and voters ranked their choices to determine a true majority winner. As depicted in the process above, ranked choice voting gives voters the freedom to rank multiple candidates — and in doing so, it opens the field to more competition and a wider range of voices. Under this system, women are not penalized for running in the same race or even from the same party. Instead, voters can consider each candidate on her ideas and values, not just her perceived viability. In Alaska’s 2022 U.S. Senate race, for example, three of the four finalists were women — Lisa Murkowski, Kelly Tshibaka, and Patricia Chesbro — two Republicans and one Democrat. Under a traditional system, women from the same party might have been discouraged from running for fear of splitting the vote among themselves. But with RCV, they were able to compete on equal footing, giving voters meaningful choices and ensuring multiple women could put their names forward — and be taken seriously — in a single race. How RCV Levels the Playing Field for Women Ranked choice voting is one of the most promising tools for advancing women’s representation in the United States. While women make up less than one-third of elected officials nationwide, jurisdictions that use RCV tell a different story. In RCV cities, women now hold nearly half of the city council seats and 40% of mayoral positions — outpacing national averages. These outcomes aren’t accidental. By removing structural barriers that exist under plurality voting, RCV creates a level playing field where women and underrepresented candidates can compete fairly and win. RCV addresses some of the biggest obstacles women face in politics: Mitigating vote splitting and the “spoiler effect.” Under plurality elections, women are often told to “wait their turn.” With RCV, multiple women can run without hurting each other’s chances. Increasing campaign civility. Because RCV rewards candidates for earning second- and third-choice support, campaigns are more positive and issue-focused. Negative attacks — which disproportionately harm women — carry less weight. Eliminating costly runoffs. RCV acts as an “instant runoff,” removing the need for expensive, low-turnout runoffs. For women candidates, who often face fundraising gaps, this means fewer financial barriers and more time to connect with voters. Boosting engagement and turnout. RCV incentivizes candidates to campaign broadly and across communities, making voters feel more empowered — and more likely to participate. Together, these advantages explain why women are better represented in RCV jurisdictions than in the country as a whole. In Their Own Words: Women on RCV Women across the country are seeing the difference RCV makes. From New York City to Alaska, women leaders point to ranked choice voting as a system that allows them to run authentically, win fairly, and govern with broader support. To hear more from Alaska State Senator Cathy Giessel, watch our 2024 Democracy Solutions Summit panel about Alaska's transformative election reform: ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 8110, "name": "Legislative Modernization", "headline": "Legislative Modernization", "type": "basic", "slug": "legislative_modernization", "timestamp": 1757081520, "published_at": "2025", "author": "Michele RepresentWomen", "url": "/legislative_modernization", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/8110/meta_images/original/Childcare.png?1765553539", "content": "RepresentWomen imagines a modern governmental workplace where more women officeholders can thrive. To achieve this, legislative bodies should enact the following internal process reforms: infogram_0_95390e5e-bb02-422e-9321-f7bd729f6f4c2020 - Women Serve - Legislative Proposalshttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?YP5text/javascript How We Can Modernize Our Legislatures in the United States   Fair Pay for Legislators: Compensation Commissions Legislative compensation is a determining factor in who runs for and stays in office. Low wages often mean that only a subset of the population, often the retired and wealthy, can serve in office. Women lawmakers across states report salary as a key consideration when deciding whether to run for office or reelection. Systems strategies, such as compensation commissions (CCs), are viable solutions to the perennial pay problem.  Legislators in New Mexico are virtually unpaid, earning only a per diem for the days they are in session. Existing research regarding state legislative salaries and their relationship with women’s representation has largely overlooked the potential of compensation commissions as a viable strategy to provide lawmakers with fair pay.  Salaries of State: Modernizing State Legislatures through Compensation Commissions finds that compensation commissions remove many of the barriers legislators face when working to increase pay directly and facilitate a diverse political environment where more women are incentivized to run for office and have the means to stay once elected. State legislator compensation impacts who serves in office and how long. Low pay disincentivizes women from staying in office, as they often face additional domestic duties and financial costs, such as childcare.  Higher compensation levels create opportunities for women to run, however, they do not guarantee more women will win. Hence, a need for the implementation of other reforms to modernize state legislatures. Commission power and authority are pivotal in determining effectiveness. Legislators in states where recommendations take effect automatically are less likely to experience electoral backlash for a vote in favor of a pay increase. Voter education is critical to establishing and sustaining a commission. Misconceptions regarding state legislator compensation are common, and changes to legislator pay settings must center on transparency with voters. View the Salaries of State Report   Fairer Legislative Practices RepresentWomen calls on city, state, and national legislators to reform their internal practices and culture so that women legislators can serve and lead effectively. Erratic work schedules, low pay rates, geographic distance, and unfair leadership selection processes make serving a challenge for many women - especially those caring for children and managing households. These issues disproportionately affect women; nevertheless, these reforms would benefit both men and women. Read our 2021 case studies on the best practices in the Nevada and Maryland state legislatures. View the Best Practices: For a Gender-Balanced Democracy Guide    Legislative Rules Changes To make the governmental workplace one in which more women officeholders can thrive, legislative bodies should enact the following internal process reforms: Provide affordable on-site childcare Allow for telecommuting and virtual voting for elected officials Create family-friendly schedules for committee meetings and floor proceedings Review how committee leadership is selected   Women's Caucuses RepresentWomen is building relationships with state legislative women’s caucuses to: learn about best practices strategize about opportunities for reform implement systemic solutions to the under-representation of women Approximately 20 states have either partisan or bipartisan caucuses which promote legislation that will improve the status of women in their state. They also serve as important networking channels for female legislators and as vehicles for reform that make legislative bodies more women-friendly and representative.  infogram_0_92f58579-0f4b-451c-b5df-7e29b25b833fRep2020: States with Women Caucuses/ Commission //e.infogr.am/js/embed.js?CHotext/javascript   Read Our Reports", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": ["Compensation Commissions", "Proxy Voting", "State Legislative Modernization"], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 6988, "name": "2025 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2025 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "2025_gender_parity_index_report_represent_women", "timestamp": 1755617100, "published_at": "2025", "author": "Michele RepresentWomen", "url": "/2025_gender_parity_index_report_represent_women", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/6988/meta_images/original/2025_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1755626550", "content": "Tracking Women’s Political Representation Across the United States For over a decade, RepresentWomen’s Gender Parity Index (GPI) has measured progress toward gender‑balanced governance in all 50 states. Explore the latest scores, see how your state ranks, and learn what it will take to achieve true parity. Since 2013, the GPI has provided an annual snapshot of women’s political representation across national, state, and local offices. Each state receives a score (0–100), a letter grade, and a ranking to track progress over time. Now in its 12th year, the GPI shows a clear truth: progress is slow, uneven, and easily reversed without intentional reforms. No state has reached “perfect parity,” and women — especially women of color — remain underrepresented at every level. This page serves as your hub for the latest GPI findings, past reports, and resources to bring the conversation to your community. View the 2025 Report Get Involved Why the GPI matters (at a glance) The numbers below show the gap — and the systems solutions that move the needle. 2025 Gender Parity Index Map  How did your state score on the GPI? Check the map below to track your state's progress.  Key Findings  Invite Us to Present the Gender Parity Index Want to bring the GPI to your organization, campus, or community? Our team can present the latest findings, walk through the methodology, and discuss actionable strategies to advance women’s representation. Request a Presentation   Looking Back: The Launch of the GPI in 2013  The Gender Parity Index was first introduced in 2013 at an NYU panel moderated by RepresentWomen’s founder, Cynthia Richie Terrell. More than a decade later, the concerns raised then remain urgent today — underscoring the consistency, longevity, and continued relevance of the GPI. Listen in to learn how the Gender Parity Index began — and how its origins continue to shape the data behind today’s 2025 report. Explore Past Gender Parity Index Reports The Gender Parity Index has been tracking women’s representation across the United States for over a decade. Each year builds on the last, offering a clearer picture of where progress is happening — and where barriers remain. Check out the most recent past editions below to see how the conversation has evolved leading up to the 2025 report. Stay in the loop Want to keep up with the latest on women’s representation? Make sure to sign up for our email updates! You’ll get: Thought Leadership — our new weekly thought leadership newsletter (launching soon) from the RepresentWomen team. Spotlight storytelling — features on organizations, states, and women leaders driving change. Invitations to events — join conversations and actions that move the needle for women’s representation. Weekend Reading — Cynthia Richie Terrell’s popular Friday roundup of news and insights.", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 5701, "name": "Country Brief: North America", "headline": "Country Brief: North America", "type": "basic", "slug": "country_brief_north_america", "timestamp": 1740670842, "published_at": "2025", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/country_brief_north_america", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/5701/meta_images/original/2025_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_North_America_Brief_-_Website.png?1740605080", "content": "RepresentWomen is dedicated to researching and identifying best practices for increasing women’s political representation, drawing on global evidence. Since 2021, our ongoing Country Brief series has explored how electoral rules and systems shape opportunities for women in politics across different regions (Post-Soviet States) (Arab States) (Latin America) (Oceania) (European Union). The North America Brief, the sixth installment in this series, is unique as it solely focuses on Canada, the United States, and Mexico, with the goal of highlighting how their electoral systems impact women’s political representation. While all three countries exceed the global average for women’s representation, Mexico stands out as a world leader. In 2024, it elected its first woman president, achieved near-parity among governors, and maintained gender parity in its legislature. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (February 2025), Mexico ranks fourth globally for women’s representation in its lower house—far ahead of Canada (69th) and the U.S. (79th). Our research shows that women’s representation thrives when systems both increase the number of women in politics (e.g., through candidate quotas or candidate recruitment targets) AND ensure proportional representation (PR). Mexico is the only country in the region with both a gender quota (\"parity system\") and a mixed-member proportional voting system. In contrast, Canada and the U.S. have retained their winner-take-all voting systems, which our research has shown limits competition, reinforces incumbency advantages, and yields fewer opportunities for women to run viable campaigns and win elections.  The North America Brief highlights the impact of intentional reforms and structural changes in advancing women’s political representation. As Canada and the U.S. continue to debate electoral reform, Mexico’s success offers valuable insights into the power of systemic change. Download the Brief ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Country Briefs", "Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2489, "name": "Dashboard: Ranked Choice Voting and Women's Representation in the U.S.", "headline": "Dashboard: Ranked Choice Voting and Women's Representation in the U.S.", "type": "basic", "slug": "ranked_choice_voting_dashboard", "timestamp": 1737669360, "published_at": "2025", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/ranked_choice_voting_dashboard", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2489/meta_images/original/Screenshot_2025-12-30_133537.png?1767119754", "content": "This is an interactive dashboard that presents the latest data on women's representation in ranked choice cities. In addition to providing summary data on where ranked choice voting (RCV) is used and its impact on local representation, the RCV Dashboard includes updated case studies on the impact of ranked voting on women's representation in Cambridge, New York City, the Bay Area, and Utah. infogram_0_f45a9b75-7958-4bcd-b51b-adb30abd22e42022 RCV Dashboardhttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?wyMtext/javascript    ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation", "Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Paige Chan", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Map", "Snapshot"] } , { "id": 5439, "name": "Women Mayors and Council Members in RCV Cities - January 2025 Snapshots", "headline": "Women Mayors and Council Members in RCV Cities - January 2025 Snapshots", "type": "basic", "slug": "women_mayors_and_council_members_in_rcv_cities_january_2025_snapshots", "timestamp": 1737667260, "published_at": "2025", "author": "Steph Scaglia", "url": "/women_mayors_and_council_members_in_rcv_cities_january_2025_snapshots", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/5439/meta_images/original/Capture_d%E2%80%99e%CC%81cran_2025-01-23_a%CC%80_16.09.50.png?1737667261", "content": "Across the United States, ranked choice voting has been adopted in roughly 50 cities and used by 17 million voters. In RCV elections, women have won their first-ever majority in the Alaska House of Representatives, won their first election for governor in Maine, won open-seat mayoral races in cities like Minneapolis, Oakland, and San Francisco, and risen from 13 seats to 31 seats in the New York City Council. Women hold 52% of city council seats decided by ranked choice voting – almost twice the norm in places without RCV. Last election cycle, voters in 12 cities and two states – Maine & Alaska – participated in ranked choice voting elections, and nearly 3 million voters saw RCV-related measures on their ballot. Our RCV dashboard has up-to-date information on RCV’s use in the U.S., including a roundup of 2024’s RCV ballot measures. RCV saw success at the city level in Washington, DC; Oak Park, IL; Peoria, IL; Bloomington, MN; and Richmond, CA, while Alaskans voted to retain their ranked-choice voting and open primary election system. Women also celebrated wins at the city level, including in:  Berkeley, California, community organizer Adena Ishii will become Berkeley’s first woman of color mayor, beating city councilor Sophie Hahn. Burlington, Vermont, elected its first woman and LGBTQ+ mayor, Emma Mulvaney-Stanak;  Portland, Oregon, elected its most diverse council in history (50% women, 42% women of color) in its first proportional RCV election. These six snapshots break down representation in RCV cities by race and gender. RCV City Councils: Women's Racial Representation RCV City Councils: Gender Representation RCV City Councils: Racial Representation    RCV Mayors: Women's Racial Representation RCV Mayors: Gender Representation RCV Mayors: Racial Representation ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola"], "resources": ["Snapshot"] } , { "id": 4315, "name": "Country Brief: European Union", "headline": "Country Brief: European Union", "type": "basic", "slug": "country_brief_european_union", "timestamp": 1727787600, "published_at": "2024", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/country_brief_european_union", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/4315/meta_images/original/2024_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_European_Country_Brief_-_Website.png?1727799171", "content": "RepresentWomen is committed to researching and identifying the best practices for increasing women’s representation in politics, drawing from evidence around the world. Part of this work leads us to track parliamentary elections and compare regional outcomes closely. We then identify the common trends impacting women’s representation, informing our U.S.-based work. This brief brings attention to how election rules and voting systems shape opportunities for women to enter politics within the European Union. Executive Summary: Women's political representation varies immensely across the 27 countries that are part of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden.  The differences in representation between these countries helps to show that, while systems such as proportional representation and gender quotas play a vital role in shaping opportunities for women to enter politics, specific cultural, societal, and political factors may yeild different outcomes. Importantly, system strategies have been shown to have the most impact when they are implemented in tandem and matched by the political will to uphold women’s political power and representation.  In short, we find that:  The European Union, overall, can do better in enforcing its own policies regarding women's political advancement. Although the EU is committed to women's representation, some member states, including Cyprus and Hungary, continue to have less than 20% women's representation in their assemblies.  List proportional representation (List PR) systems work best when combined with gender quotas. Of the countries with high levels of women's representation (above 30%), 16 use List PR and have some form of gender quotas (either legislated or voluntary) to boost women's representation.  Countries with proportional (PR) systems have the highest levels of women's political representation. Overall, EU member states have higher levels of women's political representation than other countries; nearly all countries in the EU use either a proportional or semi-proportional voting system, with the exception of France, which makes up for this difference by combining its two-round system with a legislated candidate gender quota to help achieve better representation for women.  Download the Brief ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Country Briefs", "Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 4150, "name": "Brief: International Recognition and Women’s Political Representation: An Analysis of Five Unrecognized States", "headline": "Brief: International Recognition and Women’s Political Representation: An Analysis of Five Unrecognized States", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_international_recognition_and_women_s_political_representation_an_analysis_of_five_unrecognized_states", "timestamp": 1725045779, "published_at": "2024", "author": "Courtney Lamendola", "url": "/brief_international_recognition_and_women_s_political_representation_an_analysis_of_five_unrecognized_states", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/4150/meta_images/original/2022-2024_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website.png?1725045775", "content": "Executive Summary International Recognition and Women’s Political Representation: An Analysis of Five Unrecognized States details women’s political representation in unrecognized but self-governing states often ignored in international discourse. These states function much like recognized ones, with organized governments, election systems, economies, and social services. As a result, the rules and systems impacting women's political opportunities in these states merit examination. This brief analyzes women's representation in five internationally unrecognized states—the Republic of Kosovo, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Kurdistan, the Republic of Somaliland, and the Republic of China—finding that three (Taiwan, Kosovo, and Kurdistan) exceed the global average of 27% for women’s representation, and one (Somaliland) has nearly 0% women's political representation. Even though some states in this brief outperform most recognized countries regarding gender equality and women's representation, international recognition and UN membership are still critical in establishing an international obligation to women's rights. The case studies further explore how systems-level factors, such as election rules, voting systems, culture, international recognition, and state obligations, create opportunities for more women to be elected in the region.  Takeaways PR systems offer the most opportunities to advance women’s political representation, but they alone do not guarantee representative outcomes. Parties often place them at the bottom of the list (e.g., Somaliland and Northern Cyprus), showing a need to pair list systems with additional reforms.  Countries that have made the most progress combine PR or semi-PR systems with well-enforced gender quotas. Kosovo, Kurdistan, and Taiwan exemplify this; all three countries have over 30% women’s representation, while Northern Cyprus has 22%, and no women are represented in Somaliland. Country culture matters in achieving fair levels of women’s representation. High percentages of women in parliament are not always a direct result of quotas. In Kosovo’s 2021 elections, women made up a much larger share of candidate lists in the leading parties than was required – something that can be traced to a strong women’s movement and a supportive country culture.  International recognition reinforces state commitment to women’s rights. Although not necessary for statehood or for achieving fair women’s representation, diplomatic recognition would serve to pressure states to adhere to international norms and create a stronger foundation for maintaining current progress on women’s representation over time. RepresentWomen is a U.S.-based research organization that studies the impact of major systems-level interventions on women’s political representation in the U.S. and worldwide. Since 2018, our international research has explored the role of gender quotas and proportional voting systems in creating more opportunities for women to run for office in other countries, specifically the 193 United Nations Member States. However, lessons can also be learned from non-member states, as detailed in the following brief and analysis. Read the Brief", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Independent Studies"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 3853, "name": "2024 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2024 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2024_gender_parity_index", "timestamp": 1722337200, "published_at": "2024", "author": "Steph Scaglia", "url": "/report_2024_gender_parity_index", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/3853/meta_images/original/Capture_d%E2%80%99e%CC%81cran_2024-07-26_a%CC%80_13.21.30.png?1722014639", "content": "Executive Summary In August 2013, RepresentWomen launched the Gender Parity Index (GPI) to help researchers and advocates track progress toward gender-balanced governance and identify opportunities for increasing women’s political representation in the U.S. Each year, we assign all 50 states a Gender Parity Score, letter grade, and ranking according to their proximity to parity. One of the key takeaways from this exercise is that progress toward gender balance is slower and less stable than it first appears. In the first GPI, 40 states earned a “D” grade (< 25.0) or worse (< 10.0); the remaining 10 states were split evenly between “Cs” (< 33.0) and “Bs” (< 50.0), and no state achieved an “A” (50.0 and above). Eleven years later, two states (Oregon and Maine) have earned “A” grades, 22 states have earned “Bs” and “Cs,” and 26 states received a “D.” For the first time ever, no state has received an “F.”  However, great improvements in women’s representation often overshadow smaller changes that occur year-to-year. The 2024 Index reflects our complex political landscape, suggesting progress in women’s political representation may stagnate or even backslide. Every year shows differences both in the changes themselves and the magnitude of change. This Index shows the most movement for women at the state and local levels: Louisiana elected two new woman state executives, and Indiana elected nine new women to local offices.  Overall, women are still underrepresented at every level of government in the U.S., comprising over 50% of the population but holding just under one-third of all elected positions. To make lasting progress in women’s representation, we must take a systems-level approach that creates opportunities for women to enter the political sphere and supports the women already in office. This year’s GPI finds:  Key Takeaways The U.S. is over halfway to parity, with an average Parity Score of 27. However, in contrast to 2023, fewer states half passed the halfway mark: only 24 of the 50 states earned above 25 points.  For the first time in the Index's history, no state earns an “F” grade. After eight consecutive years of scoring under 10 points, Louisiana earned its first “D” grade and moved up to 45th place. This shows just how consequential a single election cycle can be, especially with open seats.  To sustain progress, we need solutions that support women in office. The decline in incumbent women running for Congress this cycle suggests that the U.S.’ progress will likely plateau or regress if we do not ensure a modern and safe work environment.  Progress must occur across levels of government. Vermont's case shows that gains at one level can be counterbalanced by losses at another, ultimately decreasing the overall score. 2024 Report 2024 Methodology 2024 State Pages 2013-2024 Dashboard", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 3490, "name": "Report: Salaries of State: Modernizing State Legislatures through Compensation Commissions", "headline": "Report: Salaries of State: Modernizing State Legislatures through Compensation Commissions", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_salaries_of_state", "timestamp": 1719230405, "published_at": "2024", "author": "Steph Scaglia", "url": "/report_salaries_of_state", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/3490/meta_images/original/2024_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Salaries_of_State_-_Website.png?1718650803", "content": "Executive Summary Legislative compensation is a determining factor in who runs for and stays in office. Low wages often mean only a subset of the population, often the retired and wealthy, can serve in office. Women lawmakers across states report salary as a key consideration when deciding whether to run for office or reelection. Systems strategies, such as compensation commissions (CCs), are viable solutions to the perennial pay problem.  Legislative pay varies significantly from state to state, with New York having the highest-paid legislators at $142,000 a year. In contrast, legislators in New Mexico are virtually unpaid, earning only a per diem for the days they are in session. Existing research regarding state legislative salaries and their relationship with women’s representation has largely overlooked the potential of compensation commissions as a viable strategy to provide lawmakers with fair pay.  Salaries of State: Modernizing State Legislatures through Compensation Commissions finds that compensation commissions remove many of the barriers legislators face when working to increase pay directly and facilitate a diverse political environment where more women are incentivized to run for office and have the means to stay once elected. State legislator compensation impacts who serves in office and how long. Low pay disincentivizes women from staying in office, as they often face additional domestic duties and financial costs, such as childcare.  Higher compensation levels create opportunities for women to run, however, they do not guarantee more women will win. Hence, a need for the implementation of other reforms to modernize state legislatures. Commission power and authority are pivotal in determining effectiveness. Legislators in states where recommendations take effect automatically are less likely to experience electoral backlash for a vote in favor of a pay increase. Voter education is critical to establishing and sustaining a commission. Misconceptions regarding state legislator compensation are common, and changes to legislator pay settings must center on transparency with voters. Addressing the perennial pay problem must be done alongside solutions to the other barriers women face so that the privileged few who already serve in legislatures are not the only ones benefiting from pay increases. RepresentWomen’s future research into state legislature modernization will build upon the lessons learned from this analysis, further examining the factors impacting women’s ability to serve sustainably.     Download the Report ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": ["Compensation Commissions", "State Legislative Modernization"], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2903, "name": "Snapshot: Party Composition by Gender in the U.S. House of Representatives", "headline": "Snapshot: Party Composition by Gender in the U.S. House of Representatives", "type": "basic", "slug": "snapshot_party_gender_house_of_reps", "timestamp": 1708973529, "published_at": "2024", "author": "Michele RepresentWomen", "url": "/snapshot_party_gender_house_of_reps", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2903/meta_images/original/Capture_d%E2%80%99e%CC%81cran_2024-02-26_a%CC%80_13.53.52.png?1708973657", "content": "infogram_0_bb23b05c-6b78-40eb-ba6f-401819c57f472024 Gender &amp;amp; Party in Congress - RepresentWomenhttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?bsGtext/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Party Recruitment"], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola"], "resources": ["Snapshot"] } , { "id": 2883, "name": "Brief: Breaking Barriers for Black Women Candidates", "headline": "Brief: Breaking Barriers for Black Women Candidates", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_breaking_barriers_for_black_women_candidates", "timestamp": 1708002000, "published_at": "2024", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/brief_breaking_barriers_for_black_women_candidates", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2883/meta_images/original/2024_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_BWIP_Brief_-_Website.png?1707936883", "content": "RepresentWomen is committed to researching, understanding, and championing evidence-based solutions that support a healthy democracy with gender-balanced representation in elected and appointed positions at every level of government. This brief is the first installment in a new series that outlines the systems-level and candidate-level factors impacting Black women's political participation and representation in U.S. politics.  This brief does not aim to be comprehensive; future research will further address the barriers Black women face when running for office and the hurdles Black women face when in elected office. This research will also uplift what needs to be done to level the playing field and allow Black women to run, win, serve, and lead equitably.  Summary: Black women have historically been, and continue to be, underrepresented at every level of government in the United States for cultural and structural reasons. Among these are biases, misogynoir, and flawed political practices. Increasing Black women’s political power and representation must enable equitable access to political and financial resources and reform our antiquated voting system.  This brief surveys three key barriers Black women face when running for office: the current criterion of political party recruitment, traditional funding practices, and plurality voting. We then propose actionable avenues for change, which would not just expand opportunities for Black women in politics but ameliorate our democracy. Our key takeaways are as follows:  Early investment by political parties advances Black women in politics. This involves setting candidate recruitment targets and quotas and implementing networking and mentorship initiatives in partnership with candidate organizations.  Donors should adopt gender and race-balanced funding measures to fund Black women’s campaigns. PACs and donors can model these initiatives after those already existing in other industries.  Public financing programs (PFPs) empower Black women candidates to run competitive campaigns by amplifying small-dollar donations and limiting the impact of big money. RCV creates opportunities for Black women candidates by eliminating split votes and enabling non-status quo candidates to lead viable campaigns.  PRCV enhances these opportunities by allowing communities to elect candidates in proportion to their percentage of the population. Download the Brief    Missed this powerful event? Check out the recording here.", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": ["Black Women in Politics", "Intersectionality"], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Marvelous Maeze"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2840, "name": "Country Brief: Oceania", "headline": "Country Brief: Oceania", "type": "basic", "slug": "country_brief_oceania", "timestamp": 1702386000, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/country_brief_oceania", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2840/meta_images/original/2023_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Oceania_Brief_-_Website.png?1702332628", "content": "RepresentWomen is committed to researching and identifying the best practices for increasing women’s representation in politics, drawing from evidence around the world. Part of this work leads us to track parliamentary elections and compare regional outcomes closely. We then identify the common trends impacting women’s representation, informing our U.S.-based work. This particular brief brings attention to how election rules and voting systems shape opportunities for women to enter politics within the Oceania region. Executive Summary: The Oceania region has some of the lowest numbers regarding women's political representation, demonstrating a need for the region’s countries to adopt systems strategies as a means to achieve gender-balanced governance. On average, women's representation in the Oceania region in lower houses of parliament is 20%, lower than the global average of 27%.  The majority of countries in Oceania fare poorly in terms of women’s representation – Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea have under two percent women in their government – but the region also contains New Zealand, one of the strongest countries regarding women's representation globally. New Zealand is the only country in the region with both proportional representation (PR) and gender quotas.   Across Oceania’s 14 countries – Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu – women’s representation varies immensely. These differences show that systems strategies such as proportional representation and gender quotas are not just vital to ensuring women’s equal political representation but are most influential when implemented simultaneously.   In short, we find that:  Countries with proportional voting systems (PR) have the highest levels of women’s representation; PR creates opportunities, removes barriers for women to enter politics, and ensures representation for multiple minority constituencies in the same election.  Gender quotas are most effective when combined with PR voting systems. Countries that have quotas but use winner-take-all systems have significantly lower levels of women’s representation. New Zealand, which has reached political parity across all levels of government, shows this.  Strategies that advance women’s representation in the legislature have a ripple effect on other branches of government. Countries that use proportional voting systems, have gender quotas, or combine the two see the highest levels of women’s cabinet representation. This is shown in Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, and Samoa. Download the Brief ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Country Briefs", "Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2838, "name": "Report: 2023 Annual Report", "headline": "Report: 2023 Annual Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2023_annual_report", "timestamp": 1701194520, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_2023_annual_report", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2838/meta_images/original/2023_-_Resource_Thumbnail_-_Annual_Report.png?1701453312", "content": "Timeline Where we began: In August 2013, “Representation2020” (now RepresentWomen) was launched to study progress towards gender-balanced governance in the U.S. and identify structural barriers and solutions to women’s representation. We began as a fiscally-sponsored project of FairVote, a nonpartisan organization that champions the use of single- and multi-winner ranked choice voting in the United States. Our initial goal was to achieve gender-balanced representation in politics by 2020. Our new beginning: In the fall of 2018, Representation2020 separated from FairVote to become RepresentWomen, a nonpartisan research-based organization dedicated to advancing systems-level solutions for women’s underrepresentation in politics, under the leadership of RepresentWomen’s Executive Director and Founder Cynthia Richie Terrell. Within a year of forming its own board and mission, RepresentWomen secured a multi-year grant and hired its first staffer. Where we are now: As of 2023, RepresentWomen’s team has grown to include eleven staff and four teams (research, partnerships, communications, and operations). RepresentWomen’s staff is led by a leadership team of four: Executive Director Cynthia Richie Terrell, Operations Director Michele McCrary, Research Director Courtney Lamendola, and Partnerships Director Katie Usalis. In addition to our staff and leadership, RepresentWomen continues to work with IREX fellows and seasonal interns. To date, RepresentWomen has mentored over 100 fellows and interns. Our Work We are committed to achieving gender balance in the United States, where women are in elected and appointed positions, at every level of government, in equal proportion to their presence in the population. Having more women in government will strengthen our democracy by making it more representative, reviving bipartisanship and collaboration, improving policy outcomes, encouraging a new style of leadership, and cultivating trust in our elected bodies. Feature resources and programs rolled out in 2023 included:  The 2023 Democracy Solutions Summit (DSS), The Women Experts in Democracy Directory (WEDD), The Women's Power Collaborative (WPC), The Tenth-Anniversary Gender Parity Index (GPI), And new research on voting systems (RCV, PRCV) in the U.S. and abroad. Through agenda-setting, research, and engagement, we are creating new ways for women to assume power in the United States. To date, our team has: Released 40+ research reports, Published 800+ blogs and op-eds, Participated in well over 350 events, and Supported 15+ state and local RCV campaigns. To learn more about our strategy, our growth in the last five years, and our work in 2023, please turn to our annual report.  2023 Annual Report ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2825, "name": "Slidedeck: PRCV in the US Timeline", "headline": "Slidedeck: PRCV in the US Timeline", "type": "basic", "slug": "slidedeck_prcv_in_the_us_timeline", "timestamp": 1698159840, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/slidedeck_prcv_in_the_us_timeline", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2825/meta_images/original/2023_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_PRCV_Timeline_-_Website.png?1698159091", "content": "https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vTAh6HKwVhQ7v7gAKsKWLJ6aCJEIoK3YcekBj9OaOdrMV-FQUxbUc8HTSunRMi16crU168ODeQBoLWF/embed?start=false&loop=false&delayms=600000800400truetruetrue RepresentWomen researches and advances the best practices for reaching gender-balanced governance in the U.S. Our research shows that voting systems shape the opportunities women have to run for office and get elected. This timeline accompanies a new brief that analyses the impact of proportional ranked choice voting (PRCV) on women's representation in the United States. Through this timeline, we highlight milestones for women thought leaders and elected officials who have contributed to the ongoing story of PRCV in the U.S. Both the brief and timeline are part of an ongoing series updating our research on voting systems in the U.S. and the impact different systems have on women’s political representation. Previous installments in this series covered voting systems around the world and the impact of ranked choice voting (RCV) on women’s representation. Download", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": ["Slidedeck"] } , { "id": 2824, "name": "Brief: Proportional Ranked Choice Voting", "headline": "Brief: Proportional Ranked Choice Voting", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_prcv_2023", "timestamp": 1698152400, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/brief_prcv_2023", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2824/meta_images/original/2023_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_PRCV_Brief_-_Website.png?1698129139", "content": "RepresentWomen researches and advances the best practices for reaching gender-balanced governance in the U.S. Our research shows that voting systems shape the opportunities women have to run for office and get elected. This brief is part of an ongoing series updating our research on voting systems in the U.S. and the impact different systems have on women’s political representation. Previous installments in this series covered voting systems around the world and the impact of ranked choice voting (RCV) on women’s representation. The following brief covers how proportional ranked choice voting (PRCV) works, the history of PRCV in the United States, the issues with our current plurality/winner-take-all (WTA) system, and why PRCV is a good fit for our candidate-driven system to advance women’s political representation in the U.S. Summary: RepresentWomen’s research shows that progress toward political parity is slow and uneven in the United States. Our research also shows that our current WTA voting system is partially to blame for the underrepresentation of women in politics because it rewards gatekeeping behaviors that prevent women from running for office. By removing the barriers women face, system strategies such as PRCV facilitate candidate entry, increase competition, drive deeper candidate-constituent relationships, decrease polarization, and yield more representative outcomes. Based on the available evidence, we have found that PRCV mitigates the threat of majority tyranny and places power back in the hands of voters, paving the way toward a gender-balanced and representative democracy.  PRCV creates opportunities for women candidates to enter politics by eliminating fears of vote splitting, decreasing campaign costs, reducing incumbency advantage, and encouraging candidate recruitment.  PRCV enables multiple constituencies to elect candidates of choice. Because PRCV elections are multi-winner, multiple interest groups can be represented within the same district, allowing for diverse governing coalitions in terms of gender, race, and ideology.  Women played a critical role in advancing PRCV within the United States. Not only does PRCV have a deep history of use within the United States, but women have been a part of this movement from the beginning.  PRCV resulted in the election of the first women on several city councils, including in Cleveland, OH; New York, NY; Hamilton, OH; and Cambridge, MA.  PRCV is the only form of PR compatible with all United States elections – both partisan and nonpartisan. The majority of local elections are nonpartisan, and PRCV is the only PR system that has been tried in the U.S.  View the Brief ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2819, "name": "Brief: Golden Year Analysis", "headline": "Brief: Golden Year Analysis", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_golden_year_analysis", "timestamp": 1696939200, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/brief_golden_year_analysis", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2819/meta_images/original/2023_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Golden_Year_Analysis_October_2023_-_Website.png?1696643349", "content": "RepresentWomen is committed to researching and identifying the best practices for increasing women’s representation in politics, drawing from evidence around the world. Part of this work leads us to closely track parliamentary elections and compare the outcomes from year to year. In 2021 and 2022, we identified 44 elections where women achieved record highs for their representation in parliament. The purpose of this analysis is to bring attention to how election rules and voting systems shape opportunities for women to enter politics.  Summary: Between 2021 and 2022, 85 countries held elections for their lower houses of parliament. In 44 of these countries, a record number of women were elected, constituting a “golden year” for women’s political representation in that country.  Through the use of case studies, the following analysis hones in on the role that systems-level factors, such as election rules and voting systems, play in creating opportunities for more women to be elected worldwide. We found that: Countries are breaking records for women’s representation each year. Of 85 countries that held elections in 2021 and 2022, 44 broke records for women’s political representation records and achieved “golden years.”  Not all “record-breaking” progress is significant. While some countries have made considerable gains in women’s representation in a short period, others, including the United States, are making incremental progress. The countries that have made the most progress adopted gender quotas. Additionally, 65% of countries that attained a golden year have either proportional (PR) or semi-proportional (semi-PR) voting systems. This finding echoes previous research that has established a positive relationship between gender quotas, proportional representation, and women’s representation. Repealing quotas negatively impacts women’s representation in politics. While the countries that made the greatest progress toward gender balance adopted gender quotas, those that repealed quotas experienced an immediate decline in women’s representation. In addition to reaffirming the impact that quotas have on women’s representation, this finding suggests that quotas alone don’t resolve all barriers to representation.  Analyzing women’s representation globally shows that many other countries have progressed toward gender balance in politics; learning from these countries and adopting the election rules and voting systems conducive to gender-balanced governance is critical if we are to have full and fair representation in the United States. View the Analysis ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Independent Studies", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2794, "name": "Shareables: RCV + Representation Toolkit", "headline": "Shareables: RCV + Representation Toolkit", "type": "basic", "slug": "rcv_representation_toolkit", "timestamp": 1693509360, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/rcv_representation_toolkit", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2794/meta_images/original/2023_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_RCV___Representation_Toolkit_-_Website.png?1693508671", "content": "RepresentWomen has complied some of our most salient resources to create our RCV + Representation Toolkit! This toolkit includes: 2-pager Summaries Data Visualization Full-length research reports And more! The aim is that this RCV + Representation Toolkit will equip you to speak more fluently and confidently to the benefits RCV has specifically on representation in your lobby and advocacy work. The target audience for this toolkit are individuals and organizations who are active in advancing RCV in their localities.    Download the RCV + Representation Toolkit    https://representwomen.app.box.com/embed/s/fwo1s8lqy3dtu63j333zec29swmvaewn?sortColumn=date8005500", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2786, "name": "2023 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2023 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2023_gender_parity_index", "timestamp": 1691452080, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_2023_gender_parity_index", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2786/meta_images/original/2023_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1691452087", "content": "Executive Summary In August 2013, RepresentWomen launched the Gender Parity Index (GPI) to help researchers and advocates track progress toward gender-balanced governance and identify opportunities for increasing women’s political representation in the U.S. Each year, we assign all 50 states a Gender Parity Score, letter grade, and ranking according to their proximity to parity. One of the key takeaways from this exercise is that progress toward gender balance is slower and less stable than it first appears.  In the first Gender Parity Index, 40 states earned a “D” grade (< 25.0) or worse (< 10.0); the remaining ten states were split evenly between “Cs” (< 33.0) and “Bs” (< 50.0), and no state achieved an “A” (50.0 and above). Ten years later, Maine and Oregon have both achieved an “A” for the first time, 24 states are split evenly between “Bs” and “Cs,” 23 states have earned a “D,” and Louisiana is the only failing state.  The 2023 Index reflects recent record-breaking progress for women in the U.S. government, particularly state executives. Following the 2022 elections, 12 states have women governors, breaking the previous record of nine. Correspondingly, six of the top ten states in the 2023 GPI have women governors, including Maine (1st), Oregon (2nd), Michigan (3rd), New Mexico (4th), Iowa (7th), and Massachusetts (9th).  While it is true that women’s representation has increased, the 2023 GPI shows that women are still underrepresented at every level of government in the U.S., holding just one-third of all elected positions, despite comprising over 50% of the population. Women of color are further underrepresented, holding approximately one-tenth of all elected positions. This year’s GPI further shows that: Record-breaking wins have resulted in incremental gains for women. Headlines that announce record highs for women in politics are often misleading; women remain underrepresented at every level of government. Net gains for women are generally smaller than they appear, slowing progress. Not every state is on an upward trajectory toward parity; some states, such as New Hampshire and Louisiana, have even lost progress over time.  New Hampshire ranked first and achieved an “A” between 2015-2018 and again in 2020; it now ranks 10th with a score of 41/100 (grade: B). Louisiana ranked 28th in the first GPI with a score of 16/100 (grade: D); it now has a score of 9/100 (grade: F) and ranks 50th in the 2023 GPI. Gains for women are concentrated in the Northeast and West Coast, while women’s representation in Midwestern and Southern states lags far behind.  Democratic women are outpacing Republican women in elected office, suggesting that progress toward parity will eventually slow unless a) more Republican women are elected or b) more Democratic women than men are elected. Systemic reform is needed to level the playing field and create more opportunities for women to enter and remain in office. Rather than replace existing candidate-focused strategies, systemic reforms can function in a complementary manner to bring out the best of both strategies.  2023 Report 2023 Methodology 2023 State Pages 2013-2023 Dashboard", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2908, "name": "Snapshot: List-PR Systems, Quotas & Women's Representation", "headline": "Snapshot: List-PR Systems, Quotas & Women's Representation", "type": "basic", "slug": "snapshot_list_pr_systems_quotas_women_s_representation", "timestamp": 1690224000, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/snapshot_list_pr_systems_quotas_women_s_representation", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2908/meta_images/original/Capture_d%E2%80%99e%CC%81cran_2024-02-26_a%CC%80_14.31.40.png?1708976452", "content": "infogram_0_e07a83d3-ee79-411e-84e5-7df84965f5542023 List PR Snapshothttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?gj0text/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Snapshot"] } , { "id": 2782, "name": "Brief: Impact Analysis of NYC's Woman Majority Council", "headline": "Brief: Impact Analysis of NYC's Woman Majority Council", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_women_in_power_impact_analysis_of_nyc_s_women_majority_council", "timestamp": 1689595200, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/brief_women_in_power_impact_analysis_of_nyc_s_women_majority_council", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2782/meta_images/original/2023_-_Resources_Thumbnail_-_NYC_Analysis_-_Website_%282%29.png?1689359717", "content": "In the 2021 ranked choice voting primary elections, women in New York City made history, securing a majority on the city council. Two years later, RepresentWomen sought to uncover the impact of a woman majority council, as well as which barriers persist despite these women being in office. The questions we sought to answer include: What are the primary benefits of having a woman majority council? More specifically, who benefits from a woman majority and why? What challenges and barriers remain, despite a woman majority, and what needs to be done to sustain a gender-balanced council? Which legislation passed by women in the past session is most notable and why? Does this notable legislation disproportionately impact women? Why were women essential in getting these issues to the table? Would these issues have been addressed otherwise? Our research found that a woman of color majority council had a significant impact on both women’s issues, such as maternal health, menstrual equity, childcare access, and reproductive rights, as well as gender-neutral issues, such as ensuring salary transparency, language access and cost-of-living adjustments for all New Yorkers. Having women in leadership positions as well as a built-in majority on the Women’s Caucus were both instrumental in creating this impact.  In sum, the impact of a woman majority city council includes:  Women in leadership positions create a ripple effect, enabling women to uplift one another and reducing bias across the council. Diversity on the council leads to a shift in priorities; Since the majority women of color council better mirrors the demographics of the city, this allows for a wider variety of issues to be brought to the table.  A larger Women’s Caucus has become more legislatively efficient, particularly regarding reproductive rights and maternal healthcare. With a built-in majority, the women don’t have to fight to explain why these issues are essential.  Structural barriers persist, impacting the woman council members' day-to-day work. With dated buildings and protocols, women face barriers that are unique and more pervasive than for their men counterparts. All New Yorkers benefit from a diverse council. The council’s shared lived experiences with their constituents, different legislative perspectives, and representation of their communities make its members prone to collaborate, understand one another, and support each other to serve both their districts and the city as a whole. Download Analysis", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": ["Women's Impact Studies"], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2739, "name": "Snapshot: Gender and Party in State Legislatures", "headline": "Snapshot: Gender and Party in State Legislatures", "type": "basic", "slug": "snapshot_2023_gender_and_party_in_state_legislatures", "timestamp": 1682713140, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/snapshot_2023_gender_and_party_in_state_legislatures", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2739/meta_images/original/2023_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_State_Legislature_Gender___Party_Composition_Analysis_-_Website.png?1682972296", "content": "Women's representation in state legislatures has steadily grown over the last ten years, from 24% of all seats in 2013 to 33% in 2023. Though women's representation increased in both parties, the Democratic Party has made greater strides toward gender balance. Nearly half of all Democratic state legislators are women in 2023, up from 33% ten years ago. Meanwhile, just one-fifth of all Republican state legislators are women, up from 17% ten years ago. While the composition of the Democratic party has shifted over time to achieve gender balance, Republican men hold approximately the same share of power in 2023 that they did ten years ago.  Uneven efforts to recruit and retain women lead to uneven results. Progress toward gender balance in state legislatures will slow down unless the Republican Party adopts new strategies to source and support women in office. Refer to our 2023 snapshot on women in state legislatures to see the data and learn more.  Download Snapshot", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Party Recruitment"], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola"], "resources": ["Snapshot"] } , { "id": 2717, "name": "Snapshot: International Women's Representation in 2003 and 2023", "headline": "Snapshot: International Women's Representation in 2003 and 2023", "type": "basic", "slug": "representation_national_legislatures", "timestamp": 1678377240, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/representation_national_legislatures", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2717/meta_images/original/Women's_Representation_in_National_Legislatures_Snapshot_March_2023.png?1678377283", "content": "infogram_0_da5dead0-809c-4ac4-b1d0-e2b17bfd41e92023 Int&amp;#39;l Snapshot - 2003 v 2023https://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?1hjtext/javascript   These two charts show that although women have made gains in terms of political representation, progress has been slow and incremental. Without systems-level and candidate-level changes being implemented in tandem, it is unlikely we will see gender-balanced governance within our lifetimes.  Notably, in 2023 less than 10 countries have achieved gender parity. ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Independent Studies"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola"], "resources": ["Snapshot"] } , { "id": 2716, "name": "Snapshot: International Voting Systems", "headline": "Snapshot: International Voting Systems", "type": "basic", "slug": "international_voting_systems_snapshot", "timestamp": 1678376340, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/international_voting_systems_snapshot", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2716/meta_images/original/International_Voting_Systems_2023_Snapshot_%281%29.png?1678376953", "content": "infogram_0_54035514-2478-4afa-93a6-bd741c177ec12023 Int&amp;#39;l Snapshot - World Maphttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?nICtext/javascript This map shows the different voting systems used across the world. Proportional (PR) systems represent subgroups according to a party or candidate's vote share. Semi-Proportional (Semi-PR) systems combine elements of proportional and plurality-majority systems. Semi-PR systems are often more representative than non-PR systems because they ensure that political minorities are at least somewhat represented.  Plurality-Majority systems allow the candidate with the most votes to win, no matter how slim the margin. Voting systems are the rules and procedures that determine how people are elected. Each system informs how ballots are designed, how people cast their votes, how the results are counted, and how the winners are determined. The type of voting system can greatly impact voter turnout, the role of political parties, candidate engagement, and representation in government.  To read more about the voting systems used around the world, see our International Voting Systems Memo. ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola"], "resources": ["Map", "Snapshot"] } , { "id": 2715, "name": "Memo: International Voting Systems", "headline": "Memo: International Voting Systems", "type": "basic", "slug": "international_voting_systems_memo_2023", "timestamp": 1678374660, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/international_voting_systems_memo_2023", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2715/meta_images/original/International_Memo_March_2023.png?1678374107", "content": "  Women’s political representation is vital to sustaining good governance worldwide. But while women comprise over half of the world’s population, men still hold the majority of seats in almost every legislature. Research has shown that diversity in political representation leads to more inclusive and effective lawmaking. Women, in particular, bring different forms of consensus building and attention to various policy issues, including but not limited to “women’s issues” such as healthcare, childcare, and education. This means that political processes and outcomes suffer when women are excluded from office. RepresentWomen has been studying the relationship between voting systems and women’s political representation for the last five years. Through our research, we have found that voting systems shape opportunities for women to enter politics. In both the United States and around the world, cases like New York City, South Africa, and New Zealand further demonstrate the viability of major system changes and the potential impact of adopting a new voting system. The following memo presents an update to our analysis of voting systems globally, their impact on women’s representation, and the case for proportional ranked choice voting in the United States. Where appropriate, we also discuss the role of complementary candidate-focused strategies and initiatives, such as gender quotas and candidate recruitment groups. The goal of this memo is to equip our partners in the U.S. with updated data and supporting literature on the impact of proportional representation (PR) on women’s representation, drawing from stories of how PR improved women’s representation in the United States (1910s-1940s), South Africa (1990s-today), and New Zealand (1990s-today). This memo further builds the case for proportional ranked choice voting (PRCV) in the U.S., pushing back on recent efforts to introduce non-viable forms of PR. Previous research releases on this topic: 2020, 2019, 2018.  Summary: Voting systems inform how ballots are designed, how people cast their votes, how the results are counted, and how the winners are determined. The type of voting system used can greatly impact voter turnout, the role of political parties, candidate engagement, and representation. While there are many kinds of voting systems used around the world, there are three basic types:    Plurality-Majority (Non-PR): Non-proportional systems allow the candidate with the most votes to be declared the winner. In plurality systems, a candidate can win with less than 50% of the vote; in majority systems, a runoff ensues if a candidate does not receive at least 50% of the vote. Proportional Representation (PR): In a proportional system, seats are allocated to parties in proportion to the total number of votes received. PR is used around the world in various forms; New Zealand uses a mixed member proportional system (MMP), South Africa uses a party list system, and several cities in the U.S. use proportional ranked choice voting (PRCV). Semi-Proportional (Semi-PR): Semi-proportional systems combine elements of non-PR and PR systems. Semi-PR systems are often more representative than non-PR systems because they ensure that political minorities are at least somewhat represented.  According to our research, women’s representation is lower in countries with plurality-majority systems because plurality systems reinforce existing barriers for women in politics; when a candidate only needs a plurality to win, political parties and donors are more likely to back “establishment” candidates (often white men) to improve their odds. Plurality voting also limits competition against incumbents and encourages negative campaigning, potentially deterring women from running in the first place.  Proportional representation (PR) yields the best opportunities for women. Unlike plurality systems, where a single candidate–and party–wins the district, multiple winners are elected to represent a single district in PR systems, and multiple political parties may be represented at a time. In addition to creating more opportunities for political minorities to be represented, PR systems tend to create more diverse legislatures, with more women and people of color nominated and elected. Overall, PR is the best way to ensure full and fair representation.  With the support of women’s organizations like the National League of Women Voters, PRCV was first adopted in the United States during the Progressive Era, leading to the milestone elections of women and people of color in cities like New York City. Though few original cities use the system today, a new wave of cities are now looking to adopt PRCV. Based on our research, RepresentWomen supports the adoption of PRCV over other forms of PR in the United States. In addition to being the only form of PR with a history of use in the U.S., it is also the only form of PR that is suited for nonpartisan elections, which are held in two-thirds of American cities. Download Memo", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Fatma Tawfik", "Marvelous Maeze", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2649, "name": "Memo: Ranked Choice Voting and Women's Representation", "headline": "Memo: Ranked Choice Voting and Women's Representation", "type": "basic", "slug": "rcv_day_memo_jan_2023", "timestamp": 1674501300, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/rcv_day_memo_jan_2023", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2649/meta_images/original/Screen_Shot_2023-01-23_at_2.14.19_PM.png?1674501284", "content": "The following memo presents an update to our 2020 analysis of voting systems in the U.S. and their impact on women’s representation.  Overall, we have found that women continue to fare better in jurisdictions that use ranked choice voting than in cities with plurality voting systems. Of the 31 cities that use ranked choice voting to elect their executives (mayors), 12 (39%) are currently represented by women. In the 41 cities that use ranked choice voting to elect their legislatures (councils, boards), almost half of all electeds (147 of 300, or 49%) are women. RCV remains one of the most promising tools for advancing women’s representation in the United States. For more information about our work and the resources we provide, please contact our team at info@representwomen.org. Released: January 23, 2023 Executive Summary:  RCV is one of the most promising tools for advancing women’s representation in the United States.  Of the 31 cities that use ranked choice voting to elect their executives (mayors), 12 (39%) are currently represented by women. In the 41 cities that use ranked choice voting to elect their legislatures (councils, boards), almost half of all electeds (147 of 300, or 49%) are women.  Systems-level strategies, like RCV, advance gender parity by creating a level playing field for all candidates and eliminating the opportunity barriers that exist under plurality voting. Though women are underrepresented at every level of government in the U.S., holding less than one-third of all elected positions, women in ranked choice jurisdictions are better represented.   Ranked Choice Voting creates more opportunities for women to run and win by: Mitigating vote splitting and the spoiler effect. Women, more often than men, are told to “wait their turn” and are viewed as less electable by party leaders in plurality elections. In RCV elections, multiple women can run without splitting the vote and spoiling an election.  Increasing campaign civility. Positive campaigning benefits both candidates and voters. When candidates are less focused on launching or defending negative attacks from competitors, they can spend more time campaigning on issues that matter to voters to earn broader support.  Removing a need for costly runoff elections. Runoffs are often expensive and lead to lower voter turnout. RCV mitigates this by acting as an “instant runoff” where voters’ second and third choices are counted immediately. For women candidates, who often need to outraise men to win, RCV helps them focus on what matters most: connecting with voters. Increasing candidate-voter engagement and voter turnout. In RCV, candidates are incentivized to seek broader support in the form of first-, second-, and third-choice votes. This approach results in voters feeling they have more of a stake in the election, boosting turnout.  Ranked choice voting advances women’s representation at the state and city level:  Women’s Representation in RCV Cities The impact of RCV on women’s representation is best demonstrated at the local level, which has long been the testing ground for new voting systems. Of the 30 mayors in RCV cities today, 12 (40%) are women, nine are people of color (30%), and four are women of color (13%). In city councils, 147 of 300 RCV seats (49%) are held by women, 96 by people of color (34%), and 55 (20%) by women of color. Comparatively, women held 32% of all local offices as of March 2022.  Women’s Representation in RCV States RCV is currently used at the state-level in two states, Maine and Alaska. Maine became the first state to use ranked choice voting in 2018. That same year, Janet Mills became the first woman governor of Maine and first governor elected by ranked choice voting following the state’s first ranked choice primary. In other statewide offices, there was a 6.4% increase in women candidates and 9.3% increase in women winners from the 2014/16 non-RCV elections to the 2018/20 RCV elections. Correspondingly, Maine’s parity score in our annual Gender Parity Index has steadily risen since RCV was first introduced. Alaska’s first use of RCV took place in 2022. View the Memo ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Marvelous Maeze", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2648, "name": "Snapshot: RCV Day 2023", "headline": "Snapshot: RCV Day 2023", "type": "basic", "slug": "rcv_day_2023_infographic", "timestamp": 1674494820, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/rcv_day_2023_infographic", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2648/meta_images/original/RCV_Day_2023_Infographic.png?1674494673", "content": "Women consist of over half the world's population, but continue to be vastly underrepresented in political office worldwide. Existing research shows that diversity among political officeholders allows for more effective lawmaking; women's political representation is a vital component in realizing this goal.  A number of electoral reforms allows for women to run, win, serve, and lead more effectively. Ranked choice voting is one of these systems-level changes. This snapshot displays where RCV is currently used in the U.S., how RCV helps women win, data regarding women and RCV at the local level, and testemonials from women elected by RCV.   infogram_0_64f2fd7b-0525-4e8c-b446-0e9c719ddb6f2023 RCV Day Infographichttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?84ftext/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola"], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2645, "name": "Snapshot: Mayors in RCV Cities", "headline": "Snapshot: Mayors in RCV Cities", "type": "basic", "slug": "rcv_cities_mayors", "timestamp": 1674155580, "published_at": "2023", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/rcv_cities_mayors", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2645/meta_images/original/20222023_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website.png?1674155313", "content": "Ranked choice voting has positive impacts for women's representation in politics; this snapshot displays women's representation in cities that have implemented RCV as of January 2023. Twelve of 30 cities (40%) have women mayors. Read more about RCV and women's representation in our 2023 memo here.  infogram_0_9ff3aa29-63a3-4518-b385-3c40b74bfc0b2023 RCV Mayors Snapshot - Genderhttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?2Lgtext/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Snapshot"] } , { "id": 2488, "name": "Report: The Twin-Track Ecosystem in the 100 Largest Cities", "headline": "Report: The Twin-Track Ecosystem in the 100 Largest Cities", "type": "basic", "slug": "100_largest_cities", "timestamp": 1667331540, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/100_largest_cities", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2488/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_100_Cities_Report_-_Website.png?1667490303", "content": "Released: November 2022 In 2022, we released a follow-up to our report on women's representation in New York City, “Why Women Won in 2021.” In the report, we expand upon and re-evaluate our findings by researching 1) women’s representation in the next-largest cities in the U.S., and 2) which of the factors we observed in NYC are also present in these cities. The report concludes with a list of guiding takeaways,  aimed at changemakers interested in bringing the best practices and strategies that worked in New York City to other major cities.  The Four Factors Four conditions were uniquely met in New York, and thus examined in the next 100 largest cities. These were the presence of: (1) term limits, (2) public financing, (3) ranked choice voting, and (4) candidate organizations. Including NYC, 52% of the cities meet at least one of the four conditions. Where Next? Including NYC, 27 of the top 100 cities have councils majority-led (50% +1) by women and an additional 13 cities are at parity with women holding 50% of all seats. Just one city other than NYC has all four of the systems-focused and candidate-focused factors that make up the twin-track ecosystem: San Francisco. Four cities have two of the four factors we traced: Oakland, Denver, Long Beach, and Los Angeles.   Key Question: How many cities have more than one of the factors covered by the twin-track ecosystem? City, State Council Seats Council Women Percent Women Term Limits Matching Funds Ranked Choice Voting Local Women's Candidate Orgs New York City, NY 51 31 61% X X X X San Francisco, CA 11 4 36% X X X X Oakland, CA 8 5 63%   X X   Denver, CO 13 8 62% X X     Long Beach, CA 9 5 56% X X     Los Angeles, CA 15 4 27% X X       Our recommendations for “where next” are split between four cities. Depending on whether our partners are more interested in 1) achieving gender balance where it is lacking, or 2) sustaining current levels of women’s representation where it exists, our suggested target cities change.  Our first option suggests focussing on Los Angeles and San Francisco. In Los Angeles, there is an opportunity for RCV and a local WCG to be introduced. Though San Francisco technically already has all four twin-track factors, there is room for building on the existing infrastructure to ensure that more women run viable campaigns in each election. Our second option suggests focus should be on Denver, and Long Beach. Many cities in the top 100 have small city councils, showing there are clear opportunities to invest in better systems and candidate support infrastructure in all parts of the country. Per our initial analysis, these two cities would benefit from ranked choice voting and local WCGs. Since both have small councils and term limits, women’s representation is likely to fluctuate in the future without additional support. Key Takeaways A twin-track approach creates viable, local-level opportunities for women. A twin-track approach is the best way to achieve gender balance in our lifetimes. Moreover, both tracks must be multidimensional in depth. The candidate track must go beyond recruitment, and the systems track must involve efficient implementation and education.  The results of the twin-track approach will inevitably vary in every city. Political environments and agendas, the role of local media, the rate of pay for officeholders, and other factors are not consistent across the U.S. But, even if the magnitude of the results are different, the components within the twin-track approach have proven to be beneficial and merit implementation.  Actualizing the twin-track approach requires increased financial support. Gratuitous support from local community members can be effective but is not sustainable. In order to maintain training programs, host voter education initiatives, and provide endorsed candidates with additional funding, women's candidate groups need the help of philanthropists, changemakers, and partner organizations alike.    View the Report ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting", "Term Limits", "Twin-Track Studies"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Campaign Finance", "Pipeline Studies", "Public Matching Funds"], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2743, "name": "Report: Gender Equality in Egypt 2011-2022", "headline": "Report: Gender Equality in Egypt 2011-2022", "type": "basic", "slug": "gender_equality_in_egypt", "timestamp": 1665587760, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/gender_equality_in_egypt", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2743/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Egypt_Report_-_Website.png?1684344948", "content": "RepresentWomen is a research and action hub that promotes evidence-based solutions to improve women’s political representation and leadership in the United States and abroad. At RepresentWomen, we know that women’s representation in government strengthens the quality of democracy. We envision a future where women have equal opportunities to enter elected and appointed office. To achieve this goal, we work in partnership with researchers and practitioners around the world who are similarly invested in creating opportunities for women in government.  Our research on international women’s representation is centered around the role of rules and systems, and how they shape opportunities for women in politics. Through this research, we have learned that progress is being made toward gender-balanced governance in many parts of the world, but often requires time and deliberate effort. Between our international reports, regional briefs, and independent studies, our team seeks to identify and share the “best practices” for advancing women’s representation and leadership.  Gender Equality in Egypt 2011-2022 explores the progression of gender equality and women’s rights in Egypt over the last decade. Topics included in this report range from women-related national strategies in Egypt; amendments to  the Constitution; new laws and executive decisions; women’s political, economic and social empowerment; and a discussion of feminism, gender, and equality.  The objectives of this report are to: 1) analyze the elements that contributed to Egypt’s progress toward gender equality; 2) review Egypt’s latest efforts to improve gender equality and develop recommendations that the country can use to achieve gender balance; and 3) provide examples from other countries’ policies and plans on how to overcome the structural barriers that limit opportunities for women seeking positions in government. Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Independent Studies"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2558, "name": "Report: Why Women Won in 2021", "headline": "Report: Why Women Won in 2021", "type": "basic", "slug": "rcv_in_nyc_2022", "timestamp": 1662982860, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/rcv_in_nyc_2022", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2558/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_2022_RCV_Report_-_Website.png?1667489397", "content": "Released: September 2022 In 2022, we released a report on the outcome of the 2021 elections in New York City. RepresentWomen partnered with The New Majority NYC (formerly 21 in '21) to study 1) the impact of term limits, matching funds, ranked choice voting, and candidate-focused strategies on women's representation, 2) how these factors worked together to bring NYC a majority-women council for the first time in history, and 3) what it will take to maintain and build upon this success story in the future.  View the Report Executive Summary", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting", "Term Limits", "Twin-Track Studies"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Campaign Finance", "Pipeline Studies", "Public Matching Funds"], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Paige Chan", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2577, "name": "2022 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2022 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "2022_gender_parity_index_old", "timestamp": 1659105180, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/2022_gender_parity_index_old", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2577/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%281%29.jpg?1667572846", "content": "To quantify progress towards gender parity in elected and appointed office, RepresentWomen developed the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Each year, a Gender Parity Score and grade is calculated for each of the 50 states and for the United States as a whole. The Gender Parity Score reflects women's recent electoral successes at the local, state, and national levels on a scale of 0 (if no women were elected to any offices) to 100 (if women held all elected offices). The key advantage of the GPI is that it enables comparisons to be made over time and among states.  The 2022 Gender Parity Index As of June 2022, there are 147 (28%) women in Congress: 24 in the Senate and 123 in the House. In 333 statewide elective executive offices, 101 (30%) are either led or co-led by women. Of 7,383 seats in state legislatures, women hold 2,295 (31%). At the local level, 367 (25%) of 1,465 cities are represented by women, and 80 (33%) of the five largest county governments in each state are either led or co-led by women. And yet, overall progress towards parity is frustratingly incremental in the U.S. In 2022, the average parity score is 24.8. If we round up, this brings us to an average score of 25 out of 100, which means we are halfway to parity. In 2021, the average score was 24.6; two years ago, it was 23.8. 2022 Report Methodology Score Chart State-by-State Graphics", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Paige Chan", "Steph Scaglia"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2754, "name": "Report: Gender Balanced Cabinets", "headline": "Report: Gender Balanced Cabinets", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_gender_balanced_cabinets", "timestamp": 1657056240, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_gender_balanced_cabinets", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2754/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_GBC_Report_-_Website.png?1686172715", "content": "RepresentWomen is a research-based advocacy group that promotes the use of systems strategies to advance women's representation and leadership in the U.S. and around the world. To achieve our mission, RepresentWomen partners with allies across the country and political spectrum who help amplify our work by putting what we've researched into practice. By working in concert with our allies to address the barriers to office, we can ensure that more women RUN, WIN, SERVE, and LEAD.  In January 2022, RepresentWomen conducted an analysis of the demographic makeup of cabinets in all 50 states. For all but one state (Florida), the governor appoints all or most cabinet members. The average state cabinet has a membership of less than 40% women. Only 12 states have achieved gender balance in their cabinets.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": ["Gender-Balanced Appointments"], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Grace Beyer"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2744, "name": "Report: Best Practices for Promoting Gender Balanced Appointments", "headline": "Report: Best Practices for Promoting Gender Balanced Appointments", "type": "basic", "slug": "best_practices_promoting_gender_balanced_appointments", "timestamp": 1657042740, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/best_practices_promoting_gender_balanced_appointments", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2744/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_GBC_Best_Practices_-_Website.png?1684345122", "content": "RepresentWomen is a research-based advocacy group that promotes the use of systems strategies to advance women's representation and leadership in the U.S. and around the world. To achieve our mission, RepresentWomen partners with allies across the country and political spectrum who help amplify our work by putting what we've researched into practice. By working in concert with our allies to address the barriers to office, we can ensure that more women RUN, WIN, SERVE, and LEAD.  To inform our own programming on advancing gender-balanced appointments and to establish a scalable, replicable, transformative model for advancing gender-balanced appointments, RepresentWomen gathered learnings from five similar initiatives around the country.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": ["Gender-Balanced Appointments"], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Grace Beyer"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2588, "name": "Shareables: Gender Balanced Appointments Toolkit", "headline": "Shareables: Gender Balanced Appointments Toolkit", "type": "basic", "slug": "gender_balanced_appointments_toolkit", "timestamp": 1654098900, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/gender_balanced_appointments_toolkit", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2588/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%281%29.png?1668783350", "content": "We built this toolkit based on a survey of about 40 allies and partners in 2021. With this survey, we found that allies and advocates are most interested in:  2 or 1-pager summaries  Data visualization graphics Full-length research reports Best practices for advancing gender balanced appointments  The target audience for this Equip Toolkit are individuals and organizations who are interested in advancing gender balanced appointments.  The aim is that this Equip Toolkit will equip you to speak more fluently and confidently to the importance of gender balanced appointments, and current rates of gender balance in appointed positions in the US. It will also equip you with evidence-based strategies for advancing and advocating for gender balanced appointments. Download the Appointments Equip Toolkit ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": ["Gender-Balanced Appointments"], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2613, "name": "Map: Women on State Supreme Courts", "headline": "Map: Women on State Supreme Courts", "type": "basic", "slug": "gender_of_state_supreme_courts", "timestamp": 1651423980, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/gender_of_state_supreme_courts", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2613/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%2813%29.jpg?1668708397", "content": "infogram_0_307fc1af-684f-4bfd-b14b-d5f74972c4102022 State Supreme Court Gender Maphttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?4JZtext/javascript   This map shows the gender makeup of state supreme courts as of May 2022. Perhaps surprisingly, many states have significant women's judicial representation. Hover over each state with your cursor for details.", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Grace Beyer"], "resources": ["Map"] } , { "id": 2756, "name": "Country Brief: Latin America", "headline": "Country Brief: Latin America", "type": "basic", "slug": "country_brief_latin_america", "timestamp": 1649367240, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/country_brief_latin_america", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2756/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Latin_America_Brief_-_Website.png?1686776606", "content": "Gender quotas have uniquely defined Latin American politics since their conception. In 1991, Argentina became the first country in the world to adopt legislative gender quotas. Soon after, other countries in Latin America and around the world began to do the same. Of the five countries in the world that have achieved gender parity in their legislatures, three are in Latin America. Whether due to the fact that they were among the first to embrace gender quotas or because of other underlying factors, it is clear that the region has many success stories when it comes to women's representation.  Yet, that is not to say that every country in this region is succeeding at achieving gender-balanced governance. There is great diversity in performance on women's representation in Latin America, which hints that gender quotas, though helpful, may not be the only solution needed to achieve gender parity.  This brief analyzes trends in Latin America, defined by 19 countries located in Central and South America, to:  Determine what factors support or hinder a country's journey to gender parity. Guide the United States in its own journey to achieve parity.  Download Country Brief", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Country Briefs", "Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Alisha Saxena", "Dannibel Rosario", "Julia Tallant"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2608, "name": "Map: Multi-Member Districts and Ranked Choice Voting in the States", "headline": "Map: Multi-Member Districts and Ranked Choice Voting in the States", "type": "basic", "slug": "multimember_districts_and_rcv_in_states", "timestamp": 1648831320, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/multimember_districts_and_rcv_in_states", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2608/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%2810%29.jpg?1668620788", "content": "infogram_0_724e9818-19c2-4e98-adf9-4dcffc464cea2022 State-Level MMDs and RCV Maphttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?otHtext/javascript   This map shows whether states have single-member plurality districts, two-member districts, or 3+ member districts (multi-member). The map also shows the two states that use ranked choice voting (Alaska and Maine). District magnitude matters because this determines how many subgroups can be represented. If there are more seats available, more groups obtain representation. ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": ["Map"] } , { "id": 2607, "name": "Map: Women on State Cabinets", "headline": "Map: Women on State Cabinets", "type": "basic", "slug": "gender_makeup_cabinets_map", "timestamp": 1641058620, "published_at": "2022", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/gender_makeup_cabinets_map", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2607/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%289%29.jpg?1668620424", "content": "infogram_0_c859a243-3516-4784-9885-62252b604aaa2022 Gender Cabinets Maphttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?X1Gtext/javascript   This map shows the gender makeup of state cabinets as of January 2022. Cabinet positions serve as opportunities for women to lead, and appointing women cabinet members can normalize women in positions of leadership, opening the door for more women in politics down the line. ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": ["Gender-Balanced Appointments"], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Grace Beyer"], "resources": ["Map"] } , { "id": 2757, "name": "Country Brief: Arab States", "headline": "Country Brief: Arab States", "type": "basic", "slug": "country_brief_arab_states", "timestamp": 1639435920, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/country_brief_arab_states", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2757/meta_images/original/2021_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Arab_States_Brief_-_Website.png?1686779540", "content": "Over half (55%) of Arab states ensure women's representation through gender quotas (mostly reserved seats). Our research indicates that women in countries with gender quotas are better represented by women than they are in countries without quotas. But even in countries that have achieved higher levels of representation, more needs to be done to ensure that women have meaningful opportunities to lead. To learn more about the status of women's representation in Arab states, refer to our full brief.  Download Country Brief", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Country Briefs"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Fatma Tawfik", "Gabriela Goodman", "Rania Boublal"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 4316, "name": "Brief: Legislative Practices to Ensure Sustained Representation", "headline": "Brief: Legislative Practices to Ensure Sustained Representation", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_legislative_practices", "timestamp": 1638972000, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/brief_legislative_practices", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/4316/meta_images/original/2021_-_Legislative_Best_Practices_Brief_-_Resource_Thumbnails_-_Website.png?1727811716", "content": "Executive Summary A thriving democracy is within our reach, but we must ensure that women across the racial, ideological, and geographic spectrum of the United States have equal opportunities to enter and remain in political office so that our nation's rich diversity is reflected in our government.  Women SERVE: Legislative Practices to Ensure Sustained Representation explores the legislative practices, formal and informal, and political networks that have allowed women to not only be elected at higher rates in state legislatures but also serve more effectively in the long term.  Our takeaways are as follows:  Increasing the number of women who run for and win elected office is just the first step in achieving gender parity and equality in politics. Research on Congressional tenure has shown that women experience higher turnover rates than men and tend to retire earlier in their careers. This not only impacts the number of women in elected office, as incumbency is the greatest predictor of future electoral success, but it also limits the number of women eligible for leadership positions within the legislature.  Legislative workplace culture and norms must evolve beyond those that have upheld the \"old boys' club\" that serves the political elite. Twenty-seven states have taken a promising first step in countering this by establishing bipartisan women's caucuses to encourage women of the legislature to seek mentorship, better coordinate policymaking, and improve internal practices (e.g., through sexual harassment policies for legislators). On average, states with women's caucuses have 33% women in their legislatures, compared to the national average (30%).  Structural barriers persist for mothers and caregivers in elected office. Women face many structural barriers stemming from the antiquated model of state legislatures as part-time, second jobs for the wealthy and influential. For mothers and caregivers, in particular, the financial burdens of the job are too high, and the pay is too low to justify traveling long distances and making other care arrangements for extended periods of time. Only one state, Alaska, offers childcare services for state government employees, which legislators must pay for out of pocket.  Short-term structural changes that came into effect due to COVID-19 show that legislators can adapt to more modern practices. Before the COVID-19 crisis, many states had no or limited access to proxy voting. For working women with families and caregiving responsibilities, proxy voting allowed them to perform their duties as legislators while balancing their caregiving responsibilities.  Download the Report ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": ["Proxy Voting", "State Legislative Modernization"], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Maura Reilly", "Rose Teszler"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2589, "name": "Slidedeck: Fair Representation Act", "headline": "Slidedeck: Fair Representation Act", "type": "basic", "slug": "fair_representation_act_slidedeck", "timestamp": 1638464700, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/fair_representation_act_slidedeck", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2589/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%282%29.png?1668783458", "content": "This slideshow provides an overview of how the Fair Representation Act would help improve representation for women. Last updated in 2021. Download  https://representwomen.app.box.com/embed/s/725eky8bweun00kcvkffkww5ihh9hz8g?sortColumn=date&view=list5004000", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": ["Slidedeck"] } , { "id": 2569, "name": "Video: Women SERVE", "headline": "Video: Women SERVE", "type": "basic", "slug": "women_serve_video", "timestamp": 1635950700, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/women_serve_video", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2569/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_SERVE_Video_-_Website.jpg?1667909619", "content": "The barriers women face do not end once elected. Congress, state legislatures, and local governments must modernize their internal practices and culture so that women legislators can serve and lead effectively. Erratic work schedules, low pay rates, geographic distance, and unfair leadership selection processes serve as a challenge for many women—especially those caring for relatives and managing households. Although these reforms would benefit men and women, these issues disproportionately affect women and will continue barring women from serving. It's time we change that. It's time we help women SERVE.", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": ["Proxy Voting"], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Kaycie Goral"], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2625, "name": "Slidedeck: Multi-Winner Districts", "headline": "Slidedeck: Multi-Winner Districts", "type": "basic", "slug": "multiwinner_districts_slidedeck", "timestamp": 1635863400, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/multiwinner_districts_slidedeck", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2625/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%2815%29.png?1669217541", "content": "infogram_0_c9bd6b6c-46ba-487f-8e20-5a74d752f928Multi-Winner Districts Presentationhttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?u7jtext/javascript   This slide deck covers the importance of district design in securing full and fair representation. It also shows where multi-member districts (MMDs) are currently used, their impact on women's representation, and how effective MMDs are when paired with ranked choice voting. ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": ["Slidedeck"] } , { "id": 2626, "name": "Toolkit: Sample RCV Ballot Measure Language", "headline": "Toolkit: Sample RCV Ballot Measure Language", "type": "basic", "slug": "sample_rcv_ballot_measure_language", "timestamp": 1635777660, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/sample_rcv_ballot_measure_language", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2626/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%2816%29.png?1669218287", "content": "infogram_0_a19f1e8e-2fd8-4452-b95e-a0c073fa3ea4RCV Ballot Measure - Sample Languagehttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?6Yatext/javascript This RCV Toolkit is a short guide with tips and tricks to draft ranked choice voting ballot measures. See our 2023 RCV toolkit here!", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2758, "name": "Country Brief: Post-Soviet States", "headline": "Country Brief: Post-Soviet States", "type": "basic", "slug": "country_brief_post_soviet_states", "timestamp": 1635371940, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/country_brief_post_soviet_states", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2758/meta_images/original/2021_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Post_Soviet_States_Brief_-_Website.png?1686779985", "content": "The Soviet Union, also known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was established in 1922 with 15 republics, making it the largest country in the world- for reference, it was 2.5 times larger than the United States and was one-sixth of Earth’s land surface. On December 26th, 1991, the Soviet Union dissolved, resulting in the creation of 15 new and independent states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.  Under the Soviet Union, women’s rights were enshrined by the constitution, which guaranteed equal rights for women in all aspects of life, including the economic, cultural, social, and political spheres. Soviet women were actively involved in the labor force and in domestic affairs- this “double burden” also meant that they experienced time poverty, or a lack of adequate time for leisure and rest. Despite this, Soviet women were still 49% of all local officials and 32% of all federal officials in 1980. However, Soviet women were less likely to be promoted within the government hierarchy, and some women also preferred local politics due to their time poverty, which can explain women’s reduced levels of representation between the local and federal government. Throughout the state’s existence, women’s political representation greatly fluctuated, especially in political party leadership, which is proof of the inadequate implementation of their 30% gender quota. Why Read This Brief? This brief chooses to analyze these 15 post-Soviet states primarily because their constitutions, political parties, electoral systems, and sociocultural attitudes have all been developed in the last 30 years. Being some of the most newly formed states in the world, these post-Soviet states are still in the process of expanding their legal codes, updating their electoral codes and institutions, and creating mechanisms to monitor the realization of gender equality. Each country in this region has experienced similar and unique barriers in their journey to state development, as well as some resounding successes that other countries should consider implementing within their own governments. Overall, this region is one of the most unique in the world, and there are many successes and challenges which can be identified to enhance our understanding of both the post-Soviet states and governments around the world. Download Country Brief", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Country Briefs"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Alisha Saxena", "Asel Timur Kyzy", "Lexi Long"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2603, "name": "Report: First-Generation Women in Politics", "headline": "Report: First-Generation Women in Politics", "type": "basic", "slug": "first_generation_women", "timestamp": 1630589700, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/first_generation_women", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2603/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%284%29.jpg?1668610594", "content": "A thriving democracy is within our reach, but our rules and systems must change to acknowledge the unique barriers that women with intersecting identities experience in the United States. Our nation’s rich diversity will be reflected in our government when all women have practical and fair opportunities to participate in American politics. Our 2021 report, Exploring First-Generation Underrepresentation: How American Political Systems Impact Immigrant Women’s Political Engagement presents an introduction to the topic of first-generation representation in America, the barriers first-generation women face as candidates, and how well-designed structural reforms can help to make the political process more accessible for all.  https://representwomen.app.box.com/embed/s/8myc4543ozuvcem0gikwhemwpomj74bb?sortColumn=date&view=list8005500 Download Interactive Copy Plain Text Format For additional accessible formats (e.g. large print, braille), please contact us by email at info@representwomen.org. ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": ["First-Generation Women", "Intersectionality"], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Alisha Saxena"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2602, "name": "Report: Disabled Women in Politics", "headline": "Report: Disabled Women in Politics", "type": "basic", "slug": "disabled_women", "timestamp": 1628687760, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/disabled_women", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2602/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%282%29.jpg?1668608593", "content": "A thriving democracy is within our reach, but our rules and systems must change to acknowledge the unique barriers that women with intersecting identities experience in the United States. Our nation’s rich diversity will be reflected in our government when all women have practical and fair opportunities to participate in American politics. Our 2021 report, Intersectional Disempowerment: Exploring Barriers for Disabled Female Political Candidates in the United States presents an introduction to the topic of Disabled women's political participation in America, the barriers they face as candidates, and how well-designed structural reforms can help to make the political process more accessible for all.  https://representwomen.app.box.com/embed/s/50eo6nxrmhh9tltvf8nkuvv9xqomt8nm?sortColumn=date&view=list8005500 PDF Download Interactive Copy Plain Text Format  For additional accessible formats (e.g. large print, braille), please contact us by email at info@representwomen.org. ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": ["Disabled Women", "Intersectionality"], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Alisha Saxena"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2759, "name": "Best Practices: For a Gender-Balanced Democracy", "headline": "Best Practices: For a Gender-Balanced Democracy", "type": "basic", "slug": "best_practices_for_a_gender_balanced_democracy", "timestamp": 1623719520, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/best_practices_for_a_gender_balanced_democracy", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2759/meta_images/original/2021_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Best_Practice_Guide_-_Website.png?1686781466", "content": "RepresentWomen is a nonpartisan, 501c3 non-profit organization committed to strengthening our democracy by advancing reforms that break down barriers to ensure more women can Run, Win, Serve, and Lead. As both candidates and elected officials, women continue to face structural barriers that men simply do not; and these barriers require systemic reforms to level the playing field. \"RUN WIN SERVE LEAD: Best Practices for a Gender-Balanced Democracy\" highlights the topline findings from our research on the systems-level strategies that accelerate progress toward gender-balanced governance.  Download Guide", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation", "Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": ["Proxy Voting"], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": ["Gender-Balanced Appointments"], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Campaign Finance", "PACs and Donors", "Party Recruitment", "Party Rules"], "authors": [], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2487, "name": "Peer-Reviewed Article: Election Reform & Women's Representation: Ranked Choice Voting in the U.S.", "headline": "Peer-Reviewed Article: Election Reform & Women's Representation: Ranked Choice Voting in the U.S.", "type": "basic", "slug": "election_reform_and_womens_representation", "timestamp": 1622576340, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/election_reform_and_womens_representation", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2487/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Politics___Governance_Article_-_Website.jpg?1667909635", "content": "Released: June 2021 In 2021, we published an article in Politics and Governance on the history and impact of single- and multi-winner ranked choice voting on women’s representation in the U.S. In addition to revisiting some of the research from our 2016 and 2020 reports, this article allowed us to dig deeper into the available literature on ranked choice voting and identify knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future research.  Read Our 2021 Article", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Maura Reilly"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2571, "name": "Video: Women LEAD", "headline": "Video: Women LEAD", "type": "basic", "slug": "women_lead_video", "timestamp": 1617720600, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/women_lead_video", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2571/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_LEAD_Video_-_Website.jpg?1667909647", "content": "Embodying the phrase “if you can see it, you can be it,” normalizing women in political leadership positions will normalize the idea of women as leaders, period. Over the past decade, progress toward women’s legislative equality has been slow but present. While the number of women running for office and winning continues to be dwarfed by the number of men, there is an upward trajectory nearing the 30 percent threshold associated with the critical mass theory. Despite the growing numbers of women legislators, this progress does not automatically translate into women's uptick in executive or staff leadership positions. It's time we change that with intentional systems reforms. It's time we de-bug our democracy and let women lead.", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": ["Gender-Balanced Appointments"], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Kaycie Goral"], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2570, "name": "Video: Women RUN", "headline": "Video: Women RUN", "type": "basic", "slug": "women_run_video", "timestamp": 1615650480, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/women_run_video", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2570/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_RUN_video_-_Website.jpg?1667909676", "content": "RepresentWomen's mission is to reform the institutions and structures that hold women back from running for office rather than forcing women to change. Increasing the recruitment, training, and funding of women candidates will be more effective in getting women elected at every level of government. It's time we dismantle these barriers for women who want to run for office.", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Campaign Finance", "PACs and Donors"], "authors": ["Kaycie Goral"], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2591, "name": "Podcast: On the Issues with Michele Goodwin", "headline": "Podcast: On the Issues with Michele Goodwin", "type": "basic", "slug": "on_the_issues_with_michele_goodwin", "timestamp": 1614619140, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/on_the_issues_with_michele_goodwin", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2591/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%285%29.jpg?1668615411", "content": "3.2021 On the Issues \"From Filibuster to Representation: Is the Senate Broken\" This podcast from Ms. Magazine looks at the failings of the U.S. Senate including the design of the institution itself, which protects arcane rules and undemocratic processes. Is the Senate truly representative? Is the electoral system fair? Is it time to eliminate the electoral college? What other electoral reforms should we be considering? What does contemporary voter suppression look like? Listen to the Episode ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation", "Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2586, "name": "Slidedeck: Women LEAD", "headline": "Slidedeck: Women LEAD", "type": "basic", "slug": "women_lead_slidedeck", "timestamp": 1609519380, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/women_lead_slidedeck", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2586/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%285%29.png?1668786549", "content": "Teach others about the reforms!   Use our presentation on the suggested women lead reforms with your community and teach them about the importance of women's voices in leadership positions.    infogram_0_7362ea1d-485a-4250-911e-7fe6e814df06Women LEAD Presentationhttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?vM6text/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": ["Gender-Balanced Appointments"], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": ["Slidedeck"] } , { "id": 2584, "name": "Slidedeck: Recruitment Targets", "headline": "Slidedeck: Recruitment Targets", "type": "basic", "slug": "recruitment_targets_slidedeck", "timestamp": 1609518000, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/recruitment_targets_slidedeck", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2584/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%286%29.png?1668786602", "content": "Teach others about recruitment targets! Use our presentation on gender balance rules in the US and around the world to teach your community about the benefits of recruitment targets. infogram_0_eec4943f-4255-443e-a369-07b7ea244e9dRecruitment Targets/Gender Quotas Presentationshttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?LGhtext/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Party Recruitment"], "authors": [], "resources": ["Slidedeck"] } , { "id": 2567, "name": "Video: Women WIN", "headline": "Video: Women WIN", "type": "basic", "slug": "women_win_video", "timestamp": 1609515600, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/women_win_video", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2567/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_WIN_video_-_Website.jpg?1667909703", "content": "In January of 2021 with women holding 27 percent of the seats in the House of Representatives, the U.S. ranked 67th in the world for women’s representation in the lower house. Despite record-breaking election cycles the U.S. remains continually outpaced by 70+ countries including the majority of our democratic allies—allies that don’t have better women running, but better systems for women to run in and WIN. Ranked choice voting in multi-seat districts, commonly referred to as fair representation voting, is a form of proportional representation made to fit the United States’ electoral culture. The system combines the benefits for women found in both ranked choice voting and multi-member districts and corrects the problems of underrepresentation for communities of color which come with using multi-seat districts in a winner take all system. To normalize women leaders, and increase diversity in our politics. We need reform now.  ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Kaycie Goral"], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2620, "name": "Map: State Party Gender Rules", "headline": "Map: State Party Gender Rules", "type": "basic", "slug": "state_party_rules", "timestamp": 1609512540, "published_at": "2021", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/state_party_rules", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2620/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%2810%29.png?1669215190", "content": "infogram_0_255989ed-b862-453a-a431-2aad87961edc2021 - State Party Rules Mapshttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?xcTtext/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Party Rules"], "authors": [], "resources": ["Map"] } , { "id": 2568, "name": "Video: How Does Ranked-Choice Voting Help Women?", "headline": "Video: How Does Ranked-Choice Voting Help Women?", "type": "basic", "slug": "how_does_ranked_choice_voting_help_women", "timestamp": 1608738180, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/how_does_ranked_choice_voting_help_women", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2568/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_How_does_RCV_help_women__Video_-_Website.jpg?1667909715", "content": "RepresentWomen tracks women's representation and leadership in the United States and around the world to identify the \"best practices\" for creating a more representative government. Our research indicates that even as more women run, electoral rules and systems play a major role in determining electoral outcomes. As seen in both our 2016 and 2020 reports, we find that electoral outcomes for women and people of color are overall better in jurisdictions that have implemented ranked choice voting (RCV).", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Kaycie Goral"], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2760, "name": "Brief: Seat-by-Seat: Building the Case for a Gender-Balanced Cabinet", "headline": "Brief: Seat-by-Seat: Building the Case for a Gender-Balanced Cabinet", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_seat_by_seat_building_the_case_for_a_gender_balanced_cabinet", "timestamp": 1604974740, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/brief_seat_by_seat_building_the_case_for_a_gender_balanced_cabinet", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2760/meta_images/original/2020_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_GBC_Brief_-_Website.png?1686791922", "content": "A thriving democracy is within our reach, but we must ensure that women across the racial, ideological, and geographic spectrum of the United States have equal opportunities to enter political office so that our nation's rich diversity is reflected in our government.  This brief will discuss the importance of appointing women to executive cabinets, their historical lack of representation, and the impact these positions have on policymaking.  Download Brief", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": ["Gender-Balanced Appointments"], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Corinne Bennett"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2761, "name": "2020 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2020 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2020_gender_parity_index", "timestamp": 1604107620, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_2020_gender_parity_index", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2761/meta_images/original/2020_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1686792425", "content": "To quantify progress towards gender parity in elected and appointed office, RepresentWomen developed the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Each year, a Gender Parity Score and grade is calculated for each of the 50 states and for the United States as a whole. The Gender Parity Score reflects women's recent electoral successes at the local, state, and national levels on a scale of 0 (if no women were elected to any offices) to 100 (if women held all elected offices). The key advantage of the GPI is that it enables comparisons to be made over time and among states.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Cynthia Richie Terrell"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2762, "name": "Brief: U.S. House Expansion", "headline": "Brief: U.S. House Expansion", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_u_s_house_expansion", "timestamp": 1602207360, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/brief_u_s_house_expansion", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2762/meta_images/original/2020_-_Resources_Thumbnail_-_US_House_Expansion_Brief_-_Website.png?1686792990", "content": "A thriving democracy is within our reach, but we must ensure that women across the racial, ideological, and geographic spectrum of the United States have equal opportunities to enter political office so that our nation's rich diversity is reflected in our government.  This brief will discuss the history of U.S. House expansion, the arguments for increasing the size of the House, and the impact House expansion can have on improving descriptive representation in the United States.  Download Brief", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["House Expansion"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Ashley Huang", "Rose Teszler"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2827, "name": "Chapter: Women and the Presidency", "headline": "Chapter: Women and the Presidency", "type": "basic", "slug": "chapter_women_presidency", "timestamp": 1600721160, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/chapter_women_presidency", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2827/meta_images/original/Women_and_the_Presidency.png?1709753947", "content": "In 2020 \"Women and the Presidency\" was published as a chapter in the book The Best Candidate: Presidential Nomination in Polarized Times.  This chapter looks at the women who have run for the presidency and vice presidency of the United States. Some of these women were qualified candidates who were never given a fair shot. Others were people who should never have sought executive office in the first place. After examining this history, this chapter provides a closer examination of the structural barriers that women in the United States face in politics, as well as the innovative strategies that will enable more women to run, win, serve, and lead at all levels of government. These strategies include reforming how women’s campaigns are financed, changing the candidate recruitment rules used by parties, implementing ranked choice voting, and promoting balanced media coverage. The strategies discussed in this chapter are designed to expand the pool of women candidates and to translate that success into the likelihood that a woman will eventually attain the highest office in the land. View the Chapter ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Campaign Finance", "Party Recruitment"], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Maura Reilly"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2604, "name": "Brief: Incarcerated Women in Politics", "headline": "Brief: Women's Incarceration and its Impact on Political Participation and Representation", "type": "basic", "slug": "incarcerated_women_report", "timestamp": 1599751080, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/incarcerated_women_report", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2604/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%286%29.jpg?1668615962", "content": "In the past few decades there has been heightened interest in and scholarship in incarceration and the incarcerated population in the United States. However, much of this research has surrounded male incarceration rates, often overlooking the growing number of incarcerated women. While male incarceration rates have steadily declined in the past decade with the help of public scrutiny, women have become the fastest-growing incarcerated population. Between 1980 and 2017, the population of incarcerated women has risen by 750% (The Sentencing Project, 2019). Along with the rapid growth, incarcerated and formerly incarcerated women face unique challenges in re-entering society and regaining voting rights all of which impact their political representation. To learn more about incarcerated women and political representation read our 2020 brief below.  https://representwomen.app.box.com/embed/s/gyd1lk7k2hwvmxzsnoht7he14n80sluw?sortColumn=date&view=list8005500 Download ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": ["Incarcerated Women", "Intersectionality"], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Lola Solis"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2621, "name": "Map: Women's Representation in National Conventions", "headline": "Map: Women's Representation in National Conventions", "type": "basic", "slug": "women_national_conventions", "timestamp": 1597067640, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/women_national_conventions", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2621/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%2811%29.png?1669215385", "content": "infogram_0_20db34d5-5fee-4bca-bb08-70c7af7a6bafParty Rules Mapshttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?3aStext/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Party Rules"], "authors": ["Claire Halffield"], "resources": ["Map"] } , { "id": 2593, "name": "Podcast: Voices of Resilience", "headline": "Podcast: Voices of Resilience", "type": "basic", "slug": "voices_of_resilience_podcast", "timestamp": 1596299220, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/voices_of_resilience_podcast", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2593/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%289%29.png?1668787121", "content": "8.2020 Voices of Resilience \"Voting Rights and Women in Politics with Cynthia Richie Terrell\" This podcast from Vital Voices highlights women leaders and change-makers from around the world. In this episode, join RepresentWomen's Founder and Executive Director, Cynthia Richie Terrell for a conversation about voter access and systems changes to improve gender balance and representation in politics.  Listen to the Episode ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation", "Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2606, "name": "Brief: Indigenous Women in Politics", "headline": "Brief: Indigenous Women in Politics", "type": "basic", "slug": "indigenous_women", "timestamp": 1595259060, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/indigenous_women", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2606/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Website_%288%29.jpg?1668616994", "content": "As research develops around women's political representation it often focuses on national and state levels, sometimes at the expense of other levels of elected representation. One such example of this data gap is women's current and historic political representation and voice within Tribal Nations. RepresentWomen has published preliminary research on a small number of Indigenous Nations in North America; and is in the midst of conducting an investigation into women's representation in the 576 federally recognized Tribal Nations in the 48 contiguous states and the 229 federally recognized Alaskan Native Nations and Corporations. As always RepresentWomen remains culturally humble in our approach to studying other cultures and systems of governance and are open and eager to partner with those who have more expertise.    infogram_0_e465f915-6cc0-4b0c-a4a0-e841b5ad5a032020 Representation - Tribal Nations - Briefhttps://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?8CEtext/javascript", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": ["Intersectionality", "Native and Indigenous Women"], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Maura Reilly"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2595, "name": "Podcast: Pantsuit Politics", "headline": "Podcast: Pantsuit Politics", "type": "basic", "slug": "pantsuit_politics_podcast", "timestamp": 1593621180, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/pantsuit_politics_podcast", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/themes/642326584764e8f9d781edd0/attachments/original/1668563545/default-image-3.jpg?1668563545", "content": "7.2020 Pantsuit Politics \"How To Be A Citizen: What's Next?\" In the final installment of the \"How To Be A Citizen\" series the Pantsuit Politics hosts look at the importance of structural reforms to address structural issues facing the United States. In this episode, they interview RepresentWomen Founder and Executive Director Cynthia Richie Terrell on the history of structural reforms in the U.S. and what we should do going forward.  Listen to the Episode ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation", "Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Campaign Finance", "PACs and Donors"], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2594, "name": "Podcast: The Alliance Party After Dark", "headline": "Podcast: The Alliance Party After Dark", "type": "basic", "slug": "the_alliance_party_podcast", "timestamp": 1593621060, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/the_alliance_party_podcast", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/themes/642326584764e8f9d781edd0/attachments/original/1668563606/default-image-1.jpg?1668563606", "content": "7.2020 The Alliance Party After Dark  This podcast from The Alliance Party discusses the work of RepresentWomen with Founder and Executive Director Cynthia Richie Terrell and the impact more women in political office could have.   Listen to the Episode ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation", "Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Campaign Finance", "PACs and Donors"], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2451, "name": "Report: In Ranked Choice Elections, Women WIN", "headline": "Report: In Ranked Choice Elections, Women WIN", "type": "basic", "slug": "2020_rcv_report", "timestamp": 1593593820, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/2020_rcv_report", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2451/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_2020_RCV_Report_-_Website.jpg?1667909751", "content": "Released: July 2020 Our 2020 ranked choice voting report, \"In Ranked Choice Elections, Women WIN\" provides a thorough review of ranked choice voting in the United States and how it is impacting women's representation in the cities that have implemented it. From 2010-2019, 19 cities and counties used ranked choice voting to elect their city officials, including 13 mayors and the city councilmembers in 14 jurisdictions. In that decade, women won 48% of all municipal elections. Read Our 2020 Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Cynthia Richie Terrell"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2596, "name": "Podcast: Women in Political Innovation", "headline": "Podcast: Women in Political Innovation", "type": "basic", "slug": "wipi_podcast", "timestamp": 1588350900, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/wipi_podcast", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/themes/642326584764e8f9d781edd0/attachments/original/1668563574/default-image-2.jpg?1668563574", "content": "5.2020 WIPI Conversation with Katherine Gehl and Cynthia Richie Terrell Women in Political Innovation was founded by Katherine Gehl in May 2019 with the goal of bringing together women working on politics at a systems and structural level. This podcast recorded during May 2020, is a conversation between WIPI Founder Katherine Gehl and RepresentWomen Founder and Executive Director Cynthia Richie Terrell.  Listen to the Episode", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation", "Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": [], "resources": [] } , { "id": 2576, "name": "Report: PACs and Donors: Agents of Change for Women's Representation", "headline": "Report: PACs and Donors: Agents of Change for Women's Representation", "type": "basic", "slug": "2020_pac_report", "timestamp": 1577908800, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/2020_pac_report", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2576/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_2020_PACs_Report_-_Website.jpg?1667909767", "content": "PACs should set funding targets for cis-women, transgender folk, and nonbinary candidates as well as increase those targets every election cycle until our elected bodies reflect the gender diversity of the population. With public pressure, equal funding for male, female, and genderqueer candidates may become a value proposition for PACs. The PAC environment is highly competitive and they are always looking for new ways to look different from other PACs to appeal to donors. Read more about the breakdown of PAC giving in 2018 and our recommendations for PACs and donors in our 2020 PACs and Donors report. Download ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Campaign Finance", "PACs and Donors"], "authors": ["Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Maura Reilly"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2575, "name": "Report: Achieving Gender Parity - Systems Strategies Around the World", "headline": "Report: Achieving Gender Parity - Systems Strategies Around the World", "type": "basic", "slug": "2020_international_report", "timestamp": 1577908260, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/2020_international_report", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2575/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_2020_International_Report_-_Website.jpg?1667909783", "content": "In many countries around the world, women are entering political office at higher rates than in the United States. As of January 2022, the U.S. was tied with Egypt and the Philippines in 72nd place for the number of women (120 of 433, or 28%) in the lower legislature, the U.S. House of Representatives. Twenty years ago, there were half as many women in the U.S. House, and the country ranked 59th for women's representation. In 2020, RepresentWomen released a report analyzing the impact electoral rules and systems have on women's representation. We found that countries with proportional systems and gender quotas were more likely to have women present in their national legislature. Our report, \"Achieving Gender Parity: Systems Strategies Around the World,\" also introduces new research on women heads of state and government, women in executive cabinets around the world, the use of ranked-choice voting internationally, and the role women's representation has on democratic rankings.  Download", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Maura Reilly"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2579, "name": "Brief: Party Rules and Gender Parity", "headline": "Brief: Party Rules and Gender Parity", "type": "basic", "slug": "2020_party_rules_brief", "timestamp": 1577894520, "published_at": "2020", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/2020_party_rules_brief", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2579/meta_images/original/2022_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_2020_Party_Rules_Brief_-_Website.jpg?1667909801", "content": "Since women earned the right to vote 100 years ago, political parties have been looking for ways to engage women in the political process. Both the Democratic and Republican national parties have enacted gender balance rules to attempt to achieve gender parity amongst their state delegates to national conventions. Following these national policies, some state parties have established guidelines for choosing who to send to their state conventions, requiring gender balance at local levels. The team at RepresentWomen has worked with the pro-bono team at Hogan Lovells to research each state party’s rules. The visuals are based on that research. This brief explores the history and the constitutionality of these rules. Download ", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Party Rules"], "authors": ["Claire Halffield"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2766, "name": "Report: International Women's Representation", "headline": "Report: International Women's Representation", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_international_women_s_representation", "timestamp": 1564021140, "published_at": "2019", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_international_women_s_representation", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2766/meta_images/original/2019_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_International_Report_-_Website.png?1686795521", "content": "Progress toward gender parity in elected office in the United States has been slow, especially in comparison to other nations. Most countries that rank above the United States for women's political representation have adopted recruitment rules and voting systems that level the playing field for women candidates. When examining these other countries, it is clear that reaching gender parity in elected and appointed office requires intentional action and policy reform.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Proportional Representation"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Allison Mackenzie", "Andrea Rebolledo", "Courtney Lamendola", "Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Gilda Geist", "Marilyn Harbert"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2763, "name": "2019 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2019 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2019_gender_parity_index", "timestamp": 1561514100, "published_at": "2019", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_2019_gender_parity_index", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2763/meta_images/original/2019_-_Resources_Thumbnail_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1686794106", "content": "To quantify progress towards gender parity in elected and appointed office, RepresentWomen developed the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Each year, a Gender Parity Score and grade is calculated for each of the 50 states and for the United States as a whole. The Gender Parity Score reflects women's recent electoral successes at the local, state, and national levels on a scale of 0 (if no women were elected to any offices) to 100 (if women held all elected offices). The key advantage of the GPI is that it enables comparisons to be made over time and among states.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Courtney Lamendola", "Cynthia Richie Terrell"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2769, "name": "Brief: Women's Representation in the G20 as of 2019", "headline": "Brief: Women's Representation in the G20 as of 2019", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_women_s_representation_in_the_g20_as_of_2019", "timestamp": 1560221100, "published_at": "2019", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/brief_women_s_representation_in_the_g20_as_of_2019", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2769/meta_images/original/2019_-_Resources_Thumbnail_-_G20_Brief_-_Website.png?1686797095", "content": "The 'Group of Twenty' (G20) Summit is an annual international forum for the governments and central bankers of the Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) plus Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, the Republic of Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, and the European Union. These economies represent the greatest percentage of the Gross World Product, world trade, the global population, and world land area.  For the G20 Osaka Summit, RepresentWomen prepared a series of infographics that illustrate how well women are politically represented in each.  Download Brief", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Independent Studies"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Andrea Rebolledo"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2765, "name": "Report: Why Rules and Systems Matter Lessons from Around the World", "headline": "Report: Why Rules and Systems Matter Lessons from Around the World", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_why_rules_and_systems_matter_lessons_from_around_the_world", "timestamp": 1545448320, "published_at": "2018", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_why_rules_and_systems_matter_lessons_from_around_the_world", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2765/meta_images/original/2018_-_Resources_Thumbnail_-_International_Report_-_Website.png?1686795044", "content": "Women won a record number of races in the November 2018 midterm elections and now hold 102 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, which tracks women's representation in national legislatures, the U.S. now ranks 77th in the world for women in politics; in 1998, the U.S. ranked 60th. The U.S. ranks further behind the rest of the world than it did 20 years ago - even with significant gains for women - because other nations have adopted recruitment practices and voting systems that create more opportunities for women to run, win, serve, and lead.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Voting Systems"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Antoinette Gingerelli", "Courtney Lamendola", "Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Jiakun Li"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2767, "name": "Brief: Gender Quota Reform - a Situation Analysis of Latin America and the European Union", "headline": "Brief: Gender Quota Reform - a Situation Analysis of Latin America and the European Union", "type": "basic", "slug": "gender_quota_reform", "timestamp": 1542684300, "published_at": "2018", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/gender_quota_reform", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2767/meta_images/original/2018_-_Resources_Thumbnail_-_Gender_Quota_Reform_in_LA_and_EU_-_Website.png?1686795875", "content": "This report covers a progression of gender quota reforms in Latin America and the EU member countries, which were at the forefront of adopting gender quota reforms through legislated quotas and voluntary party quotas that increased the proportion of women parliamentarians. The case of the European Union (EU) provides an opportunity to see an institutional approach to gender equality, whereas the Latin American countries illustrate the region's overall commitment to gender equality and women's political representation. This report includes the best practices and challenges faced by countries from both regions but focuses on the role of quotas as enforcement mechanisms for women's political representation.  Download Brief", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Independent Studies"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Baktybek Kainazarov"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2768, "name": "Brief: Gender Quota Reform in Chile", "headline": "Brief: Gender Quota Reform in Chile", "type": "basic", "slug": "brief_gender_quota_reform_in_chile", "timestamp": 1542080040, "published_at": "2018", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/brief_gender_quota_reform_in_chile", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2768/meta_images/original/2018_-_Resources_Thumbnail_-_Gender_Quota_Reform_in_Chile_-_Website.png?1686796457", "content": "Despite having one of the highest Human Development Indices among Latin American countries, Chile has one of the lowest percentages of women's representation in national government and it is one of the last countries to enact a gender quota law in the region. After the adoption of the gender quota law in 2015, social scientists and experts started to analyze the effectiveness of the law in increasing the number of women in politics. According to the new law, 40% of candidates on party ballots are required to be women and there must be enforcement mechanisms for the quota, such as economic incentives and retributions, to ensure an effective process of increasing women's political representation.  This report analyzes the gender quota law in Chile, including its adoption process, the role of the main actors, and the enforcement process. It equally analyzes the strengths of the gender quota law in Chile and the challenges faced by Chilean society in the implementation process.  Download Brief", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": ["Gender Quotas", "Independent Studies"], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Baktybek Kainazarov"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2764, "name": "2018 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2018 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2018_gender_parity_index", "timestamp": 1519441140, "published_at": "2018", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_2018_gender_parity_index", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2764/meta_images/original/2018_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1686794252", "content": "To quantify progress towards gender parity in elected and appointed office, RepresentWomen developed the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Each year, a Gender Parity Score and grade is calculated for each of the 50 states and for the United States as a whole. The Gender Parity Score reflects women's recent electoral successes at the local, state, and national levels on a scale of 0 (if no women were elected to any offices) to 100 (if women held all elected offices). The key advantage of the GPI is that it enables comparisons to be made over time and among states.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Antoinette Gingerelli", "Cynthia Richie Terrell"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2771, "name": "2017 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2017 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2017_gender_parity_index", "timestamp": 1491880800, "published_at": "2017", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_2017_gender_parity_index", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2771/meta_images/original/2017_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1686799159", "content": "To quantify progress towards gender parity in elected and appointed office, RepresentWomen developed the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Each year, a Gender Parity Score and grade is calculated for each of the 50 states and for the United States as a whole. The Gender Parity Score reflects women's recent electoral successes at the local, state, and national levels on a scale of 0 (if no women were elected to any offices) to 100 (if women held all elected offices). The key advantage of the GPI is that it enables comparisons to be made over time and among states.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Johnathan Nowakowski", "Kelsey Kober", "Sarah John"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2770, "name": "Report: Individual and PAC Giving to Women Candidates", "headline": "Report: Individual and PAC Giving to Women Candidates", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_individual_and_pac_giving_to_women_candidates", "timestamp": 1478577000, "published_at": "2016", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_individual_and_pac_giving_to_women_candidates", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2770/meta_images/original/2016_-_Resources_Thumbnail_-_PAC_Report_-_Website.png?1686797427", "content": "The Center for Responsive Politics (CRP), Common Cause, and Representation2020 (RepresentWomen) have teamed up to explore political giving to congressional candidates from the female candidate's perspective. This collaborative project is designed to create greater transparency on how political giving affects the universe of viable candidates, to draw attention to the key gatekeeper role played by major campaign funders, and to design strategies that encourage donors, PACs, political parties, and others to reexamine how and when they give to female candidates.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": ["Campaign Finance", "PACs and Donors"], "authors": [], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2772, "name": "2016 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2016 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2016_gender_parity_index", "timestamp": 1476501780, "published_at": "2016", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_2016_gender_parity_index", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2772/meta_images/original/2016_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1686799410", "content": "To quantify progress towards gender parity in elected and appointed office, RepresentWomen developed the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Each year, a Gender Parity Score and grade is calculated for each of the 50 states and for the United States as a whole. The Gender Parity Score reflects women's recent electoral successes at the local, state, and national levels on a scale of 0 (if no women were elected to any offices) to 100 (if women held all elected offices). The key advantage of the GPI is that it enables comparisons to be made over time and among states.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Kelsey Kober", "Michelle Whittaker", "Sarah John", "Tiffany Monzon"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2724, "name": "Report: The Impact of Ranked Choice Voting on Representation", "headline": "Report: The Impact of Ranked Choice Voting on Representation", "type": "signup", "slug": "the_impact_of_ranked_choice_voting_on_representation_signup", "timestamp": 1471401480, "published_at": "2016", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/the_impact_of_ranked_choice_voting_on_representation_signup", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2724/meta_images/original/17.jpeg?1680143988", "content": "Released: August 2016 In 2016, RepresentWomen (then known as Representation 2020) studied the impact of single-winner ranked choice voting in the California Bay Area (Berkeley, Oakland, San Francisco, and San Leandro), a \"hotbed of RCV implementation,\" where over 100 ranked choice elections had taken place between 2004 and 2014 to decide local leadership in 53 offices. The study found that more women (42%) and people of color (60%) ran in and won these elections since ranked choice voting was introduced. By the start of 2016, women held 59% and people of color held 60% of these offices.", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": ["Ranked Choice Voting"], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": [], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Elizabeth Zach", "Haley Smith", "Jennifer Pae", "Michelle Whittaker", "Sarah John"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2773, "name": "2015 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2015 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2015_gender_parity_index", "timestamp": 1440213960, "published_at": "2015", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_2015_gender_parity_index", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2773/meta_images/original/2015_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1686799517", "content": "To quantify progress towards gender parity in elected and appointed office, RepresentWomen developed the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Each year, a Gender Parity Score and grade is calculated for each of the 50 states and for the United States as a whole. The Gender Parity Score reflects women's recent electoral successes at the local, state, and national levels on a scale of 0 (if no women were elected to any offices) to 100 (if women held all elected offices). The key advantage of the GPI is that it enables comparisons to be made over time and among states.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Amaris Montes", "Claire Daviss", "Cynthia Richie Terrell", "Dania Korkor", "Demarquin Johnson", "Michelle Whittaker", "Molly Rockett", "Rebecca Hellmich", "Sarah John"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2774, "name": "2013/2014 Gender Parity Index Report", "headline": "2013/2014 Gender Parity Index Report", "type": "basic", "slug": "report_2013_2014_gender_parity_index", "timestamp": 1381807860, "published_at": "2013", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/report_2013_2014_gender_parity_index", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2774/meta_images/original/2013_2014_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1686799807", "content": "To quantify progress towards gender parity in elected and appointed office, RepresentWomen developed the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Each year, a Gender Parity Score and grade is calculated for each of the 50 states and for the United States as a whole. The Gender Parity Score reflects women's recent electoral successes at the local, state, and national levels on a scale of 0 (if no women were elected to any offices) to 100 (if women held all elected offices). The key advantage of the GPI is that it enables comparisons to be made over time and among states.  Download Report", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Andrea Levien", "Cynthia Richie Terrell"], "resources": ["Report"] } , { "id": 2775, "name": "Video: 2013 Gender Parity Index Launch Event", "headline": "Video: 2013 Gender Parity Index Launch Event", "type": "basic", "slug": "video_2013_gender_parity_index_launch_event", "timestamp": 1376969640, "published_at": "2013", "author": "RepresentWomen", "url": "/video_2013_gender_parity_index_launch_event", "img_url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/representwomen/pages/2775/meta_images/original/2013_-_Resources_Thumbnails_-_Gender_Parity_Index_-_Website.png?1686800090", "content": "To quantify progress towards gender parity in elected and appointed office, RepresentWomen developed the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Each year, a Gender Parity Score and grade is calculated for each of the 50 states and for the United States as a whole. The Gender Parity Score reflects women's recent electoral successes at the local, state, and national levels on a scale of 0 (if no women were elected to any offices) to 100 (if women held all elected offices). The key advantage of the GPI is that it enables comparisons to be made over time and among states.  Watch the Video", "attachments_pdf": [], "u_s_electoral_reform": [], "legislative_modernization": [], "gender_parity_index": ["Gender Parity Index"], "international_studies": [], "intersectional": [], "appointments_and_leadership": [], "parties_candidates_and_campaigns": [], "authors": ["Andrea Levien", "Cynthia Richie Terrell"], "resources": [] } ]